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Nutrition Exam 4 > Ch. 14: Energy Balance + Body Composition > Flashcards

Ch. 14: Energy Balance + Body Composition Flashcards

1
Q

For every ____ excess kcal consumed, a ____ of body weight is gained

A

3500 excess kcal= 1 lb of body weight gained

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2
Q

Which type of energy balance involves energy intake > energy expended?

A

Positive Energy Balance

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3
Q

Which type of energy balance results in weight gain?

A

Positive Energy Balance

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4
Q

Which type of energy balance involves energy expended > energy intake?

A

Negative Energy Balance

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5
Q

Which type of energy balance results in weight loss?

A

Negative Energy Balance

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6
Q

What is most of the weight loss from during negative energy balance?

A

mostly fat loss

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7
Q

Which 4 groups provide energy intake?

A

CHO, fats, proteins, alchohol

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8
Q

What are the two ways of determining the number of kcal in food/beverages?

A

Bomb Calorimeter

Calculating g

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9
Q

Which method measures the kcal content of food by measuring the heat released during combustion?

A

Bomb Calorimeter

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10
Q

___ kcal is the heat required to raise the temp of one kg of water 1 degree Celsius, indicating the number of kcal in the food

A

1 kcal

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11
Q

What are the correct values to reflect kcal actually transformed into energy?

A

Physiological fuel values

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12
Q

What are the physiological fuel values of CHOs and proteins?

A

4kcal/g

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13
Q

What is the physiological fuel value of fat?

A

9 kcal/g

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14
Q

What is the physiological fuel value of alcohol?

A

7 kcal/g

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15
Q

What is the term for the kcals needed to keep the body functioning and fuel physical activity (daily energy requirements)?

A

Total Daily Energy Expenditure
TDEE

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16
Q

What is the generation of heat from the basal metabolism, digestion of food, and any physical activity?

A

Thermogenesis

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17
Q

What is the term for the measure of the basal metabolism taken when the body is at rest in a warm, quiet environment after a 12-hour fast?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate
BMR

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18
Q

How is the BMR expressed?

A

kcal/kg body weight/hour

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19
Q

Why is RMR used more the BMR?

A

BMR is hard to measure and requires great accuracy/precision, so RMR is easier

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20
Q

What is the term for the measure of the amount of energy expended by the body at rest: wherein the person is lying still in a comfortable environment after a 3-4 hour fast?

A

Resting Metabolic Rate
RMR

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21
Q

By what percentage is RMR likely to be higher than BMR?

A

6%

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22
Q

What is the term for the amount of energy expended by the body to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store energy-yielding nutrients from food?

A

Thermic Effect of Food
TEF

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23
Q

What percentage of kcals in food consumed is used for TEF?

A

10%

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24
Q

What is the term for the increase in muscle contraction that occurs during physical activity, which produces heat and contributes to the TDEE?

A

Thermic Effect of Exercise
TEE

25
Q

What are the two ways to measure energy expenditure?

A

Direct calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry

26
Q

Which form of calorimetry measures energy expenditure by assessing body heat loss within a metabolic chamber?

A

Direct calorimetry

27
Q

Which form of calorimetry measures energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced w/ a metabolic cart?

A

Indirect calorimetry

28
Q

What is the Respiratory Quotient?

A

Carbon dioxide produced : Oxygen consumed while food is being metabolized

29
Q

What are the two equations that estimate energy expenditure?

A
  1. Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
  2. Harris-Benedict equation
30
Q

What is the term for the ration of
fat tissue : lean body mass

A

Body composition

31
Q

How is body composition usually expressed?

A

% body fat

32
Q

2 types of fat that make up total body fat?

A

Essential
Stored

33
Q

Which type of fat is necessary for the body to function?

Women have more than men

A

Essential Body Fat

34
Q

Which type of fat is found in adipose tissue and exists as either subcutaneous of visceral?

A

Stored fat

35
Q

Which form of obesity is excess visceral fat in the abdomen?

A

Central obesity

36
Q

Which form of obesity is excess fat around thighs and buttocks?

more common in women

A

Gynoid obesity

37
Q

Visceral or Subcutaneous…

which type of fat released fatty acids that travel to liver, causing hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, increased LDL, and decreased HDL?

A

Visceral

38
Q

Is body composition assessed indirectly or directly?

A

Indirectly

39
Q

Which body composition measurement assessed body volume by underwater weighing and is one of the most accurate assessment tools?

A

Hydrostatic weighing

40
Q

Which body composition measurement estimates body volume with air rather than water displacement?

A

Air displacement plethysmography

41
Q

kg (weight)/ L (body volume)= ___?

A

Body density

42
Q

(495/body density) - 450 = ___?

A

% body fat

43
Q

Which body composition measurement is the MOST ACCURATE and uses Xray beams to measure body density and body mass?

A

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DEXA

44
Q

Which body composition method measures resistance to low energy current as it travels through muscle and body fat?

(not as accurate as body density tests)

A

Bioelectrical impedance analysis
BIA

45
Q

How does hydration status affect BIA measurement?

A

Inadequately hydrated=shows higher body fat % than accurate

Overhydrated= shows lower body fat % than accurate

46
Q

Which body composition measurement is an anthropometric technique and uses Calipers?

A

Skinfold Thickness

47
Q

When is skinfold thickness more accurate?

A

More accurate when applied by a trained technician

48
Q

___ is a quick indicator of Health risk that determines if an individual has excess central fat, but does not measure the % of body fat.

A

Waist circumference measurement

49
Q

Increased health risk if waist circumference is:

> ___inches in women
___inches in men

A

> 35 inches in women
40 inches in men

50
Q

Which measurement do most health experts use rather than height-weight tables to determine healthy weight?

A

Body Mass Index
BMI

51
Q

Is a BMI of <18.5 underweight, overweight, obese, or severely obese?

A

Underweight

52
Q

What is the range of a normal BMI?

A

18.5-24.9

53
Q

What is the range of an overweight BMI?

A

25-29.9
(also defined as being 10-15 lbs above a healthy weight)

54
Q

What is the range of an obese BMI?

A

30-39.9

55
Q

What is the range of a severely obese BMI?

A

> 40

56
Q

is the BMI a direct measure of body fat %?

A

NO

57
Q

What is the term for a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes?

A

Metabolic Syndrome

58
Q

What is the term for the energy expended from activities not considered exercise-Such as typing, fidgeting, writing…

A

Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
NEAT

Nutrition Exam 4 (3 decks)

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