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GIS > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a map?

A

A scale model representation of reality

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2
Q

____ maps are used for nominal data

A

Single symbol

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3
Q

___ maps are used for categorical and ordinal data

A

unique values

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4
Q

Many types of maps are used for ___ data

A

numeric

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5
Q

Give an example of a type of map used for numeric data

A

Graduated color maps.
Graduated symbol maps.
Dot density maps.
Chart maps

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6
Q

____ represents features or quantities, such as roads,
geology, elevation, or vegetation density (Fig. 2.14).

A

thematic raster

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7
Q

What map type does a basemap use?

A

single symbol

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8
Q

What map types can a thematic map uise?

A

unique value, graduate colors or symbols, dot density, charts)

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9
Q

What is the difference between basemaps and thematic maps?

A

A basemap is different than a map theme because it shows basic information about a region such as roads, parcels, and water bodies. Map themes are optional layers that display specific information over the basemap, such as conservation lands or hurricane flood zones.

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10
Q

Unique values maps are used for _____ and ____ data

A

categorical and ordinal

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11
Q

Single symbol maps are used for ____ data

A

nominal

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12
Q

____ maps are used for numeric data

A

many (graduated color/symbol, dot density, charts)

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13
Q

___ data names or uniquely identifies objects

A

nominal

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14
Q

What is nominal data?

A

Data that names or uniquely identifies objects

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15
Q

Give an example of nominal data

A

country names, capital cities, rivers, water bodies

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16
Q

How are nominal data usually portrayed?

A

single symbol map

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17
Q

In ___ data, features belong to categories.

A

Categorical

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18
Q

What is categorical data?

A

Data where features belong to categories

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19
Q

What kind of map is used to portray categorical data?

A

unique values map

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20
Q

What are examples of categorical data?

A

Rock types, volcano types, highway classes, land cover class

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21
Q

____ data is a type of categorical data where the categories are ranked along a scale.

A

ordinal data

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22
Q

Give an example of ordinal data

A

Tree Planting Potential:
(0) Unsuitable
(1) Marginal
(2) Acceptable
(3) ideal

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23
Q

This is an example of what kind of data?

Tree Planting Potential:
(0) Unsuitable
(1) Marginal
(2) Acceptable
(3) ideal

A

Ordinal data

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24
Q

rock type, volcano type, highway class, or land cover class

This is an example of what kind of data?

A

categorical

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25
Q

Country names (labelled)
Capital Cities (stars)
Rivers (labelled)
Water bodies

This is an example of what kind of data?

A

nominal data

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26
Q

What kind of map is used for ordinal data?

A

a unique values map with a single-hue color scheme

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27
Q

___ data places values along a regular numeric scale

A

numeric interval data

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28
Q

elevation along the Georgia Coast (includes below sea level)

This is an example of what kind of data?

A

Numeric - Interval data

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29
Q

What is the only kind of numeric value that can have negative values?

A

interval numeric data

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30
Q

What is an example of interval numeric data?

A

temperature, population change

31
Q

_______ data places values along a regular scale with a meaningful zero point (no negative values)

A

Numeric ratio data

32
Q

Population of state capitals.

This is an example of what kind of data?

A

Population can’t have negative values, so they are ratio
numeric data

33
Q

What kind of numeric data cannot be negative?

A

ratio data

34
Q

What is the purpose of classifying numeric data?

A

Divides data values in class ranges, each with its own symbol. The same data can look very different dependent on classficiation.

35
Q

What are the benefits of Jenks Natural Breaks classification?

A

Exploits natural gaps in the data
Good for unevenly distributed or skewed data
Default method that works well for most data sets

36
Q

What method of classifying data uses Jenks Optimization method?

A

Jenks Natural Breaks classification

37
Q

What method of classifying data produces equal sized classes?

A

Defined interval or equal interval classification

38
Q

The ____ classification puts the same number of features in each class (linear data distribution)

A

quantile

39
Q

The _____ classification compares values close to and far from the mean (always show mean and std on map

A

standard deviation

40
Q

What does MAUP stand for?

A

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

41
Q

What is this an example of?
Large polygons tend to dominate the map

A

Visual MAUP issue

42
Q

What are the 2 raster types?

A

discrete and continuous data

43
Q

What type of rasters are often converted from vector data?

A

discrete data

44
Q

What type of raster Represent a measurement that occurs everywhere (temperature, precipitation, elevation)
?

A

continuous data

45
Q

What type of raster data has adjacent cells that often have the same values?

A

discrete

46
Q

_____ raster contain quantities that represent map data such as wetlands or elevation

A

thematic

47
Q

______ rasters use unique values or discrete color display

A

Categorical/ordinal

48
Q

Categorical/ordinal rasters use _____ or ______ display

A

unique values, discrete color

49
Q

__________ rasters use classified or stretched display methods

A

Interval/ratio (quantities)

50
Q

Interval/ratio (quantities) rasters use _____ or ______display methods

A

classified, stretched

51
Q

____ data name things or uniquely identify them and may be
text or numbers.

A

nominal

52
Q

______ data group objects into smaller sets identified by a
unique value.

A

Categorical

53
Q

_______data consist of categories that are ranked in some
way.

A

Ordinal

54
Q

_____data are measured on a regular scale, and data are measured on a regular scale with a meaningful zero point.

A

Interval, ratio

55
Q

Discrete thematic rasters can be displayed using what method?

A

unique values method

56
Q

What rasters may be classified or stretched?

A

Continuous thematic

57
Q

Continuous numeric data are_____ before being mapped.

A

classified

58
Q

Give 2 examples of classification methods for continuous numeric data

A

Jenks natural breaks, equal
interval, defined interval, quantile, geometric interval, standard
deviation, and manual.

59
Q

What kind of data that place objects into unranked groups?

A

categorical data

60
Q

land use and geology data are examples of what kind of data?

A

categorical

61
Q

assigning features to two or more groups based on
numeric values in an attribute field

A

classification

62
Q

a raster display method that divides values into two or more
groups based on their numeric values

A

classified

63
Q

data that take on a variety of values and that change
rapidly across a data set, such as elevation

A

continuous

64
Q

a classification method in which the user specifies a
size range for all the classes

A

defined interval

65
Q

described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as
wells, roads, or counties

A

discrete

66
Q

a classification method that bases the class
intervals on a geometric series in which each class is multiplied by a
constant coefficient to produce the next higher class

A

geometric interval

67
Q

values that follow a regular scale but have no natural
zero point, such as degrees Celsius or pH

A

interval data

68
Q

a way to classify numeric data into ranges defined by
naturally occurring gaps in the data histogram

A

Jenks method

69
Q

statistical and visual
issues caused by aggregating measured data using arbitrary areal
units such as political boundaries

A

modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)

70
Q

values that name or identify an object, such as a street
name

A

nominal data

71
Q

data values that indicate a rank or ordering system

A

ordinal data

72
Q

data having a regular scale of measurement and a natural
zero point, such as precipitation or population

A

ratio data

73
Q
A

GIS (11 decks)

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