Ch 2: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ration

Question 4

What is the organization of matter?

Answer 4

matter–> compound–> element–> atoms–> subatomic particles

Question 5

What is a trace element?

Answer 5

a chemical element that is present inonly minute quantities

Question 6

What is an atom?

Answer 6

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Question 7

Proton

Answer 7

positive charge

Question 8

Electrons

Answer 8

negative charge

Question 9

Neutrons

Answer 9

neutral

Question 10

What is an atomic nucleus?

Answer 10

the center of an atom with protons and neutrons

Question 11

What keeps electrons orbiting the nucleus?

Answer 11

the attraction between opposite charges keeps electrons orbiting the nucleus

Question 12

What is an atomic number?

Answer 12

the number of protons within the element

Question 13

The atomic number tells us what?

Answer 13

it tells us the number of protons and the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom

Question 14

What is a mass number?

Answer 14

total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 15

Mass number equals

Answer 15

protons + neutrons

Question 16

Atomic number equals

Answer 16

protons and electrons

Question 17

Number of neurons equals

Answer 17

mass number-atomic number

Question 18

What is atomic mass?

Answer 18

total mass of an atom

Question 19

What is an isotope?

Answer 19

atoms of same element with different number of neutrons and therefore different mass

Question 20

What is a radioactive isotope?

Answer 20

the nucleus decays, giving off particles and energy

Question 21

What is a half-life?

Answer 21

the time is takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay

Question 22

What is radiometric dating?

Answer 22

process where scientists measure the ratio of different isotopes and calculae how many half-lives have passed since an organsim was fossilized or a rock was formed

Question 23

What is energy?

Answer 23

the capacity to cause change

Question 24

What is potential energy?

Answer 24

the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Question 25

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 25

when two atoms come close enough for their orbitals to overlap, they can share their valence electrons

Question 26

What is a double bond?

Answer 26

two oxygen atoms form a molecule by sharing two pairs of valence electrons

Question 27

What is the bonding capacity?

Answer 27

number of covalent bonds atom can form

Question 28

What is electronegativity?

Answer 28

the attraction for the elements of a covalent bond

Question 29

What is a cation ion?

Answer 29

a positive ion

Question 30

What is a anion ion?

Answer 30

a negative ion

Question 31

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 31

the stealing of a valance electron from another atom

Question 32

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 32

salt, crystals, compounds formed by ionic bonds

Question 33

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 33

noncovalent attraction between a H and an electronegative atom

Question 34

What is a van der waals interaction?

Answer 34

by chance regions of positive or negative charge can arise and enables atoms and molecules to stick to one another when close

Question 35

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 35

making and breaking of bonds that lead to changes in composition

Question 36

What is chemical equilibrium?

Answer 36

when forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate