Ch. 2 Federalism and the States

Question 1

All government authority is derived from a central government

Answer 1

Unitary system

Question 2

A league of sovereign states in which a limited central government exercises few independent powers

Answer 2

Confederacy

Question 3

A means of dividing the power and functions of government between a central government and a specified number of geographically defined regional jurisdictions

Answer 3

Federal system

Question 4

Powers expressly given to the national government, primarily in Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution

Answer 4

Enumerated (delegated) powers

Question 5

Powers granted by the Constitution to both the national and the state governments

Answer 5

Concurrent powers

Question 6

Theory holding that the national government is dominant over the states

Answer 6

Nation-centered federalism

Question 7

Theory holding that the national government represents a voluntary compact or agreement between the states, which retain a dominant position

Answer 7

State-centered federalism

Question 8

Those powers residing with the states by virtue of the Tenth Amendment

Answer 8

Reserved powers

Question 9

The amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, reserving powers to the states

Answer 9

Tenth amendment

Question 10

A theory of federalism that became the foundation for states’ rights arguments

Answer 10

Compact theory

Question 11

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes national laws superior to state laws

Answer 11

National supremacy clause

Question 12

Portion of Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution that authorizes Congress to enact all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its responsibilites

Answer 12

Necessary and proper clause

Question 13

Powers that are not expressly granted by the Constitution but that are inferred from the enumerated powers

Answer 13

Implied powers

Question 14

Part of Article 1, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power to regulate trade with foreign countries and among the states

Answer 14

Commerce clause

Question 15

The portion of Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution that provides for the general welfare of the United States

Answer 15

General welfare clause

Question 16

Enacted in 1868, this amendment contains citizenship rights, due process, and equal protection provisions that states must apply to all citizens

Answer 16

Fourteenth amendment

Question 17

Enacted in 1913, this amendment grants the national government the power to levy income taxes

Answer 17

Sixteenth amendment

Question 18

The principle that national laws take precedence over state laws

Answer 18

Federal pre-emption

Question 19

Model in which the responsibilities and activities of the national and state governments are separate and distinct

Answer 19

Dual federalism

Question 20

A model of federalism that stresses the linkages and joint arrangements among the three levels of government

Answer 20

Cooperative federalism

Question 21

A model of cooperative federalism in which many new grants-in-aid, including direct national-local financial arrangements, were made

Answer 21

Creative federalism

Question 22

A model that represents a return of powers and responsibilities to the states

Answer 22

New federalism

Question 23

The delegating of power and programs from the federal government to state and local governments

Answer 23

Devolution

Question 24

A form of federalism in which the national government uses regulations, mandates, conditions, preemptions, and other actions to impose national priorities on the states

Answer 24

Coercive fedearlism