Ch 3 - Fluds and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Question 1

2/3 of the body’s water is found in

Answer 1

intracellular fluid

Question 2

1/3 of the body’s water is found in

Answer 2

extracellular fluid

Question 3

2 main ECF compartments

Answer 3

interstitial fluid

intravascular fluid

Question 4

what percent of body weight is total body water (TBW)

Answer 4

60%

Question 5

water channel proteins that provide permeability to water

Answer 5

aquaporins

Question 6

electrolyte responsible for the osmotic balance of the ECF space

Answer 6

sodium

Question 7

electrolyte responsible for the osmotic balance of the ICF space

Answer 7

potassium

Question 8

balances osmotic forces within the capillary membrane

Answer 8

hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

fluid moves out of the capillary and into the interstitial space

Answer 9

filtration

Question 10

fluid moves back into the capillary from the interstitial space

Answer 10

reabsorption

Question 11

facilitates the outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space

Answer 11

capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP)

Question 12

osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary

Answer 12

capillary (plasma) osmotic pressure

Question 13

facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary

Answer 13

interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space

Answer 14

interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 15

the movement of fluid back and forth across the capillary wall

Answer 15

net filtration

Question 16

excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces

Answer 16

edema

Question 17

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
decreased plasma oncotic pressure
increased capillary membrane permeability
lymphatic obstruction

Answer 17

causes of edema

Question 18

edema - cause of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 18

venous obstruction or Na and water retention

clots, heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis

Question 19

edema - cause of decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 19

losses or diminished production of plasma albumin

liver disease, protein malnutrition, glomerular diseases, hemorrhage, serous wound drainage

Question 20

edema - cause of increased capillary permeability

Answer 20

inflammation and the immune response

trauma, burns, allergic reaction, infection

Question 21

most severe cause of edema due to loss of proteins from the vascular space

Answer 21

increased capillary permeabilty

Question 22

edema - cause of lymphatic obstruction

Answer 22

lymphatic channels are blocked because of infection or tumor

Question 23

electrolyte that accounts for 90% of ECF cations

Answer 23

sodium

Question 24

actions of sodium in the body

Answer 24

conduction of nerve impulses
regulation of acid-base balance
cellular chemical reactions
transport of substances across the cellular membrane