Ch 3 - Principles of Heredity Flashcards
Crosses between parents that differed in a single characteristic.
monohybrid
Crosses in which the phenotypes of the male and female parents are reversed.
reciprocal crosses
in which generation does the offspring represent both parents
F2
in which generation does the offspring represent only one parent
F1
what is the ratio of the F2 generation
3:1
states that each diploid individual possesses two alleles at a locus and that these two alleles separate when gametes are formed, one allele going into each gamete.
Principle of Segregation
when two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait encoded by one of them is observed in the phenotype.
concept of dominance
test used to provide information about how well the observed values fit the expected values?
goodness-of-fit chi-square test
The manifestation or appearance of a characteristic is termed the _____.
phenotype
The genetic principle that states that alleles at different loci separate independently of one another is the:
principle of independent assortment
When some factor other than chance is responsible for differences between observed and expected values, we say that a _____ difference exists.
significant
A _____ is the set of alleles possessed by an individual organism.
genotype
A specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele is called a _____.
locus
An individual possessing two different alleles is a _____.
heterozygote
Where does the principle of independent assortment (Mendel’s second law) occur in mitosis and/or meiosis?
a) Prophase I of meiosis.
b) Anaphase of mitosis.
c) Anaphase I of meiosis.
d) b and c above.
C) Anaphase I of meiosis
