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Emily CBIS > CH 6 Medical Complications > Flashcards

CH 6 Medical Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What are possible early and chronic cardiopulmonary issues?

A

cardiac and respiratory problems 2/2 trauma to chest, complications of trauma or trauma care and damage to areas of brain
May require mech vent, trach
May result in weak cough, dysphagia, impaired gag reflex, dysautonomia

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2
Q

List 6 examples of neurobiologically based complications following brain injury

A

Changes to reflexes and sensory integration
Spasticity
Hyperrflexia
Contractures
Heterotopic ossification

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3
Q

What are common signs of UTI

A

changes in cognition/behavior
agitation
decreased level of alertness

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4
Q

What are 4 possible causes of bladder issues?

A

Less capacity in bladder
SCI
altered bladder sensation
increased urinary urgency or frequency

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5
Q

What can impact gastrointestinal motility?

A

changes in mobility, tube feeds, fluid intake, meds, etc.

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6
Q

What can promote bowel regularity?

A

Timed routine
adjusting meds/food, increase fluids

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7
Q

How does brain injury affect metabolic needs?

A

increases significantly, require at least 40% more calories

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8
Q

Why is nutritional management critical following BI?

A

helps maintain fx independence, mobility, cardiovascular and endocrine health

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9
Q

What percentage of ppl with TBI had dysphage in the oral/pharyngeal phase?

A

65% oral
73% pharyngeal

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10
Q

What percent of individuals with severe TBI have dysphagia?

A

90% early after injury

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11
Q

What are 4 types of endocrine dysfunction following BI

A
  1. hypopituitarism
  2. gonadotropic dysfunction
  3. growth hormone dysfunction
  4. metabolic syndrome
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12
Q

What are risk factors for metabolic syndrome?

A

history of HTN, DM , smoking, obesity, long term use of antipsychotics

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13
Q

What are medical management strategies for metabolic syndrome?

A

diet and weight loss, decrease saturated fats and cholesterol. increase fiber, monitor sodium, lower stress, quit smoking

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14
Q

List 5 health challenges specific to women with disabilities

A
  1. depression
  2. osteoporosis
  3. premenstrual mood dysphoria
  4. dysmenorrhea
  5. increased risk for cardiovascular disease over time
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15
Q

List 5 measures to prevent skin conditions associated with contracture, spasticity and decreased mobility.

A
  1. keep skin clean and dry
  2. change position every 2 hours
  3. use specialty cushions
  4. frequent skin checks/vigilance
  5. adequate nutrition/hydration
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16
Q

What conditions can contribute to development of pressure sores

A
  1. decreased mobility
  2. dependence on others for ADLs
  3. incontinence
  4. shearing
  5. inadequate pressure relief
17
Q

When are ppl with BIs particularly susceptible to infection?

A

open wounds, indwelling devices, immunocompromised/supressed

18
Q

List 4 common infections with individuals with BI

A
  1. meningitis
  2. respiratory infections
  3. urosepsis
  4. cellulitis
19
Q

How can hypersomnia and insomnia affect ppl with BI?

A

can exacerbate TBI symptoms including cognitive and mood problems, pain and irritability

20
Q

How are OSA and central sleep apnea different

A

obstructive=upper airway blocks breathing, resulting in HTN and heart problems

central=changes in feedback loop from lung to brain associated with decreased oxygen in blood

21
Q

List the 3 most common neurologic complications of brain injury

A
  1. seizures
  2. chronic pain
  3. headache
22
Q

After TBI, people are ___ times more likely to die of a seizure disorder compared to the general population

A

35 times

23
Q

Is an immediate post-traumatic convulsion considered or treated as epilepsy? Why?

A

No, believed to be more like syncope possible 2/2 loss of cerebral function and loss of cortical inhibition. Not fully understood but may be reflexive brainstem activation

24
Q

When is a seizure a health emergency?

A

First seizure or has difficulty breathing or waking up after

25
Q

List 4 rehabilitative implications of pain post brain injury?

A
  1. non-compliance
  2. agitation
  3. restlessness
  4. sleep disturbances
26
Q

List 4 types of post-traumatic headache

A
  1. tension-type
  2. cervicogenic
  3. craniomandibular
  4. post-traumatic migraine
27
Q

What does COLDER stand for when evaluating HA

A

Character
Onset
Location
Duration and frequency
Exacerbation
Relief

28
Q

List elements of standard precautions that reduce spread of contagions and risk of infections

A

-use of correct PPE
-respiratory hygiene
-safe injection practices
-sharps handling
-waste management
-disinfection procedures
-isolation measures

Emily CBIS (20 decks)

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