Ch 7

Question 1

Avoidance learning

Answer 1

It is a kind of negative reinforcement. An avoidance response is a behavior based on the concept that animals will avoid performing behaviors that result in an aversive outcome. This can involve learning through operant conditioning when it is used as a training technique.

Question 2

Classical Condition

Answer 2

a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Question 3

Conditioned Response

Answer 3

automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.

Question 4

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

conditioned stimulus n. A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.

Question 5

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 5

When a target behavior is reinforced each and every time it is exhibited, this is referred to as continuous reinforcement. This schedule should be used when teaching a student a new behavior not previously part of the student’s repertoire and is especially useful with young students because it is very systematic.

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

Discrimination, in psychology, the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli. It is considered a more advanced form of learning than generalization, the ability to perceive similarities, although animals can be trained to discriminate as well as to generalize.Jun 1, 2015

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced. In this lesson, learn more about extinction in operant conditioning and test your knowledge with a quiz. Introduction to Psychology: Homework Help Resource / Psychology Courses.Jun 30, 2015
What is Extinction in Conditioning? - Definition & Explanation …
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Question 8

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 8

In operant conditioning, a fixed-interval schedule is a schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed. This schedule causes high amounts of responding near the end of the interval, but much slower responding immediately after the delivery of the reinforcer.

Question 9

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 9

Instinctive drift or instinctual drift is the tendency of an animal to revert to instinctive behaviors that interfere with a conditioned response. The concept originated with B.F. Skinner’s former students Keller Breland and Marian Breland when they tried to teach a raccoon to put tokens into a piggy bank.

Question 10

Law of Effect

Answer 10

The law of effect basically states that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation.”

Question 11

Learning

Answer 11

The psychology of learning is a theoretical science. Learning is a process that depends on experience and leads to long-term changes in behavior potential. Behavior potential designates the possible behavior of an individual, not actual behavior.

Question 12

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 12

the action or process of reinforcing or strengthening.

Question 13

Operant conditioning

Answer 13

Operant conditioning is a form of learning. In it, an individual changes its behaviour because of the consequences (results) of the behaviour. The person or animal learns its behaviour has a consequence. That consequence may be. Reinforcement: a positive or rewarding event.

Question 14

Phobias

Answer 14

an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.

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Question 15

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 15

Positive reinforcement is the addition of a reward following a desired b

Question 16

Primary Reinforces

Answer 16

Primary reinforcers are biological. Food, drink, and pleasure are the principal examples of primary reinforcers. But, most human reinforcers are secondary, or conditioned. Examples include money, grades in schools, and

Question 17

Punishment

Answer 17

In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or animal’s surroundings that occurs after a given behavior or response which reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. As with reinforcement, it is the behavior, not the animal, that is punished.

Question 18

Reinforcement

Answer 18

In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism’s future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.

Question 19

Secondary Reinforces

Answer 19

secondary, or conditioned. Examples include money, grades in schools, and tokens.Ja

Question 20

Skinner box

Answer 20

an apparatus for studying instrumental conditioning in animals (typically rats or pigeons) in which the animal is isolated and provided with a lever or switch that it learns to use to obtain a reward, such as a food pellet, or to avoid a punishment, such as an electr

Question 21

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 21

Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory which was first seen in classical (Pavlovian) conditioning and refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.

Question 22

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 22

Section 4-13: Stimulus Generalization & Discrimination. In classical conditioning, individuals learn an association between the CS and UCS. For example, A dog who is treated cruelly by its male owner learns to be afraid of that man.

Question 23

stimulus generalization

Answer 23

stimulus generalization - (psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus

Question 24

Acquisition

Answer 24

Acquisition refers to the first stages of learning when a response is established. In classical conditioning, it refers to the period of time when the stimulus comes to evoke the conditioned response.