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Nutrition 7,8,9 > Ch 7,8,9 > Flashcards

Ch 7,8,9 Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals make vital contributes to _____ & _____ of the body’s Heath

A

Growth and maintenance

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2
Q

Minerals help regulate bodily functions without providing __ and are essential to good health

A

Energy

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3
Q

Minerals are

A

Inorganic substances

Become part of the body’s composition

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4
Q

_____ & ____ combine to give bones and teeth their hardness

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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5
Q

_____ is a mineral that is essential for maintaining fluid balance

A

Sodium

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6
Q

What three minerals have critical functions in nerve and muscle activity

A

Sodium, potassium, and calcium

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7
Q

What two minerals play a significant role in acid base balance

A

Potassium and phosphorus

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8
Q

Major minerals also called macrominerals

Trace minerals also called micro minerals

A

Know

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9
Q

In this classification of minerals

_____ has more than 5 grams in the body

A

Major

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10
Q

Which mineral classification type has less than five grams

A

Micro

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11
Q

Intake requirements for classification of minerals

100 mg or more per day for major
Less than 100 mg per day for trace
Less than 1mg per day for ultra trace

A

Know

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12
Q

The seven major minerals are

A

Calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, and chloride

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13
Q

Minerals represent ____% of body weight

A

4

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14
Q

What are the two most abundant minerals in body

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

What mineral is essential to the formation of hgb and the component of RBC that transports approx 95% of oxygen in blood

A

Iron Fe

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16
Q

This mineral is present in enzymes that support energy and metabolism

A

Iron Fe

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17
Q

Two times of iron is found in food and they are

A

Heme Fe, nonheme Fe

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18
Q

Which iron is bound to the hgb

A

Heme Fe

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19
Q

Where are the two types of iron found

A

Meat, fish, and poultry

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20
Q

What is the most absorbable iron source

A

Meat

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21
Q

Bone mineral density greater than 2.5 standard deviation below the mean is called

A

Osteoporosis

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22
Q

Sentinel event- history of a fracture as an adult assess for osteoporosis

A

Know

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23
Q

A 75 yo women who abuses alcohol is more prone to

A

Osteoporosis

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24
Q

Lack of calcium causes

A

Tetany

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25
Q

When serum calcium is to low it is called

A

Hypocalcinemia

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26
Q

___ sign is where you inflat the BP cuff above systolic pressure x3 minutes causes ischemia of peripheral nerves and increases their excitably

A

Trousseau sign

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27
Q

___ sign tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear causes a twitch of facial muscles on that side

A

Chvosteks sign

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28
Q

Normal calcium level in the blood

A

8.2-10.2

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29
Q

What are some early sxs for tetany

A

Nervousness, numbness, irritability, muscle cramps and tingling around mouth

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30
Q

Vitamin D enhances absorption of which mineral

A

Phosphorus

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31
Q

95% of this ingested goes into the blood stream

A

Sodium

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32
Q

Hormone from the adrenal cortex aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to return the sodium to the blood stream

A

Know

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33
Q

Normal sodium level is

A

135-145

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34
Q

One tsp of salt is 5gm and the upper limit of salt intake is 2.3 gms of sodium

A

Know

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35
Q

What products are high in sodium

A

Milk and milk products

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36
Q

Low sodium level
Less than 135 mEq
Leads to

A

Hyponatremia

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37
Q

Excess sodium
Over 145 mEq
Results in

A

Hypernatremia

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38
Q

95-98% of the body’s potassium is inside of the cells

A

Know

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39
Q

____ is essential for the conduction of nerve impulses and especially contraction of the heart

A

Potassium

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40
Q

What mineral maintains the body’s electrolyte and acid base balance

A

Potassium

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41
Q

What are some sources of potassium

A

Banana, cantaloupe, winter squash, green leafy veggies, and orange juice

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42
Q

Fats, oils, and white sugar have negligible amounts of potassium

A

Know

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43
Q

Salt substitutes contain which mineral

A

Potassium

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44
Q

A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L is called

A

Hypokalemia

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45
Q

A serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L is called

A

Hyperkalemia

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46
Q

Which mineral is associated with ADP & ATP in energy metabolism

DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and insulin action

Influences transport of calcium and potassium across cell membranes to ensure nerve impulse, muscle contractions, and normal hearty rhythm

A

Magnesium

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47
Q

Sources of ____ is green leafy veggies, coffee and tea

A

Magnesium

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48
Q

Notable in hair, skin, and nails where it contributes to their shape

Combines toxins and neutralizes them

A

Sulfur

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49
Q

Major role in maintaining fluid balance and acid base balance

A

Chloride

50
Q

Table salt is 60% chloride

A

Know

51
Q

Sodium and chloride are always together

A

Know

52
Q

____ in good decrease the absorption iron

A

Calcium

53
Q

Cocoa and spinach decrease absorption

A

Know

54
Q

Someone who donates blood every 2 months would need iron supplements. Need 4mg/day and above the RDA all day long

A

Know

55
Q

Men lose about 1mg a day of iron

A

Know

56
Q

Most significant worldwide problem is

A

Iron deficiency

57
Q

Supplemental iron is absorbed best on an empty stomach

Vitamin C increases absorption

Calcium, coffee, tea, cocoa and spinach decreases absorption

A

Know

58
Q

___ is the most common pediatric poisoning in children younger than 6 years

A

Fe

59
Q

What is poison controls number

A

1-800-222-1222

60
Q

The main function of this: participates in synthesis of thyroid hormones for proper maturity of nervous system especially in utero and first few years after birth

A

Iodine

61
Q

Dietary source of iodine is

A

Table salt

62
Q

The deficiency of iodine is called

A

Goiter

63
Q

It’s function in bone fluoride in plaque and saliva inhibits demineralization and enhances remineralization of cautious lesions is

A

Fluoride

64
Q

Reduces dental cavities by strengthening tooth structure making it more resistant to decay

A

Fluoride

65
Q

Symbol for zinc

A

Zn

66
Q

Intake correlates directly with protein intake and is essential for sexual maturity

A

Zinc

67
Q

1-2 yo children and women of child bearing age are more prone to ___ deficiency

A

Fe

68
Q

What is the major functions of the GI tract

A

Digestion, absorption, and metabolism

69
Q

What are the three interrelated processes that act on food to prepare it for use

A

Digestion, absorption, and metabolism

70
Q

A fourth process that acts with food is ___ and it is the elimination of undigestable of unusable substances

A

Excretion

71
Q

____ food is broken down mechanically and chemically in the GI tract into forms small enough for absorption into the blood or lymphatic system

A

Digestion

72
Q

____ is breaking down foods into simpler substances by water of physical means and chemicals

A

Digestion

73
Q

The sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in the body, determines the final USE of individual nutrients as well as medications

A

Metabolism

74
Q

The sum of the processes by which the body USES food for energy, growth, maintenance and regulation of body processes

The actual use of food as fuel resulting in energy

A

Metabolism

75
Q

____ is the second largest single organ in the body

Primary production of bile

A

Liver

76
Q

____ concentrates and stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine

A

Gallbladder

77
Q

____ secretes enzymes and that are involved in the digestion of all the energy nutrients

A

Pancreas

78
Q

What hormone does the pancreas secrete that lowers blood glucose

(Me and Kaitlyn didn’t know this hahaha)

A

Insulin

79
Q

___ digestion is the physical breaking down of food into simpler pieces

A

Mechanical

80
Q

What breaks down your food first In digestion

A

Teeth

81
Q

___ digestion involves the splitting of complex molecules into simpler forms

A

Chemical

82
Q

What are the two mechanics for digestion

A

Teeth and stomach

83
Q

Where does digestion begin

A

Mouth

84
Q

___ digestion includes chewing(mastication) and swallowing, peristalsis, and emulsification

A

Mechanical

85
Q

Where does digestion end

A

Anus

86
Q

Breaking down of nutrients by enzyme action is ___ digestion
Each enzyme in specific in its action and it acts only on a particular substance

A

Chemical

87
Q

Carbs are digestion into monosaccharides (glucose)

Fats are broken down into glycerol end products of protein digestion are amino acids and small peptides

A

Know

88
Q

Where do chemical and mechanical digestion take place

A

In stomach

89
Q

The digestive enzyme known as salivary amylase called

A

Ptyalin

90
Q

___ is a digestive secretion produced by salivary glands kicks in

A

Saliva

91
Q

____ ____ devotes many sessions to developing a individualized diet plan and determine positions for clients during feeding times

A

Speech therapist

92
Q

Usually the client should sit upright with hips ____ degree angle and not lying on back if they have dysphagia

A

90

93
Q

Hydrolysis of protein begins with _____ activates pepsinogen to its active form pepsin

A

HCI

94
Q

What’s another word for table sugar

A

Fructose

95
Q

After eating or drinking milk products the client commonly experiences symptoms of abdominal cramping and pain and loose stools and gas

___ free foods are poultry, plain veggies, deserts (angel food cake)

A

Lactose intolerance

96
Q

Pancreatic lipase completes the digestion of fats by reducing to triglycerides then to

A

Glycerol

97
Q

Absorption happens in the ______

If there is disease of this it will have a great effect on absorption of nutrients

A

Small intestine

98
Q

When feces reach rectum it consists of 75% water and 25% solids

Undigested fiber remains in the intestinal tract to stimulate peristalsis moves feces thru

A

Know

99
Q

______ is the inadequate movement of digested food from the small intestine into the blood or lymphatic system

A

Malabsorption

100
Q

_____ disease is gluten sensitive enteropathy

Genetically determined condition in which certain grain proteins cause an autoimmune response that damages the lining of small intestine

Effects happen from gluten a protein in wheat, rye, and barley

Before dietary treatment stools are greasy, loose, and foul smelling due to lack of digestion of fats

A

Celiac

101
Q

What is removed from diet in celiac

A

Wheat, rye, and barley

102
Q

____ is

Fat in stools

A

Steatorrhea

103
Q

Common triggers for food allergies #1

A

Peanuts

104
Q

H2O is eliminated from the body by

A

Perspiration
Urine
Feces
Through lungs

105
Q

Largest single constituent of the human body

A

Water

106
Q

Mans body is 60% H2O
Women’s body is 55% h20

Women’s bodies contain less water than men because of greater portion of fat in a woman’s body lean muscle mass needs more water

Term babies are 78% water

Premature infants are 80% water

A

Know

107
Q

___ is a component of cells, gives the body shape and form, major constituent of blood, maintains blood volume and pressure; part of structure of protein and glycogen, acts as lubricant, regulate body temp, solvent for minerals vitamins glucose and other molecules

A

Function of water

108
Q

A small amount of water can be absorbed through blood stream but a liter can be absorbed from the small intestine

The accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid between cells is called edema

A

Know

109
Q

80% of water needs come from fluids

20% of water needs come from foods

A

8 glasses of water QD

110
Q

Fluid compartments have an electrolyte composition that meets its needs and are automatic mechanisms to keep it balanced

Positive ions must be equal to the negative ions to be balanced

A

Know

111
Q

Body electrolytes

Reported in mEq
Most of the potassium is in the body inside cells
Potassium concentration in the blood only 3.5-5.0 mEq
The heart muscle is sensitive to high or low levels of potassium. Abnormal levels can produce cardiac level

A

Know

112
Q

____ is equal to what’s in your blood

A

Isotonic

113
Q

_________ hormone causes the body to reabsorb H2O

A

ADH antidiuretic hormone

114
Q

Aldosterone causes the body to retain

A

Sodium

115
Q

____ has symptoms of disorientation

Signs bounding pulse, respiration’s, difficult and loud. Skin flushed, hot and dry

A

Heat stroke

116
Q

Is urinating a sensible water loss

A

Yes

117
Q

Between 800-1000 ml of water is lost each day via the lungs and skin is this sensible or insensible

A

Insensible

118
Q

A person with what is weighed daily

A

Congestive heart failure

119
Q

What is a single most important indicator of fluid status

A

Weight

120
Q

Liquid intake and output should be approximately equal

1oz = 30mL

8oz= 240 ml

1C = 8oz

A

Know

121
Q

4 oz of orange juice, 8oz of milk and 3 oz of coke

It is calculated by adding the three so 15 and set up your equation

15oz - 30mL
10oz

Equals 450

A

Know

122
Q

The veins of a person with insufficient fluid volume requires more than 5 sec to refill

A

Know

Nutrition 7,8,9 (1 decks)

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