Ch 8 & Ch 9 PK Quiz Questions Flashcards
What were the most important short-term consequences of the Atlantic revolutions?
The expenses and cost of these wars strained European imperial states, causing countries like Britain to levy additional taxes on North American colonies as well as the French monarchy seeking new revenue from its landowners.
How did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to the Atlantic revolutions?
The Enlightenment emphasized questioning the status quo. They were ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, etc. which caused these revolutions to gain momentum as Enlightenment ideas got popular.
How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution?
The American Revolution was primarily based on tensions regarding the colonial relationship of a distant imperial power whereas the French Revolution was based on sharp conflicts within French society itself.
The cause was also different as the American Revolution began when the British government suddenly tightened its control over the American colony and demanded more money in taxes, whereas the French Revolution began when France was on the brink of bankruptcy.
How would the mass executions of the Terror have impacted the way that people outside of France interpreted the French Revolution?
Many people outside interpreted it as a bloody and violent civil war filled with a government that inflicted terror and borderline genocide on its own citizens, which also made other countries not inclined to join in on it. Many powerful leaders of other nations such as Thomas Jefferson were acquainted with people who had been beheaded.
What caused the French Revolution to become much more radical than the American Revolution?
The execution of King Louis XVI and his queen, the killing of tens of thousands of civilians indiscriminately, the execution of anyone deemed to be a political opponent, and the overall extreme violence enacted by the leadership of Maximillian Robespierre
What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution when compared to other revolutionary movements in the Atlantic and elsewhere in world history?
Before the revolution, Haiti was one of the richest colonies in the world. It had 8000 plantations and produced around 40% of the world’s sugar and almost 50% of the world’s coffee. Despite all of this, the Haitian Revolution was the only completely successful revolution as it was able to entirely throw off French colonial rule and give slaves the right to freedom and be equal.
In what ways did the spread of Enlightenment philosophy affect independence movements in Latin America?
Because they were shaped by preceding events in North America, France, and Haiti as well as by their own distinctive societies and historical experiences. For example, Creoles in Spanish colonies were offended and insulted by the Spanish monarchy’s efforts during the 18th century to exercise greater power over its colonies and subject them to heavy taxes and tariffs. Creole intellectuals were also becoming familiar with Enlightenment ideas.
How did slave resistance, such as the Great Jamaica Revolt, impact the representation of slaves in abolitionist imagery?
They impacted it by showing them as defiant and discontent with their current situation and that they were being brutalized which caused the British public to develop the belief that slavery is morally wrong, economically inefficient, and also politically unwise
How did the end of slavery transform/affect the lives of former slaves?
Slave economies began to flourish well into the 19th century and plantation owners vigorously resisted the onslaught of abolitionists. In America, a brief period of radical reconstruction occurred where newly freed blacks enjoyed full political rights, which was followed by harsh segregation laws, denial of voting rights, and widespread racism.
What accounts for the growth of nationalism as a powerful political identity in the nineteenth century?
Napoleon’s conquests stimulated national resistance in many parts of Europe. European states had long competed and
fought with one another, but increasingly in the 19th century, those states were inhabited by people who felt themselves to be citizens of a nation, bound to their fellows by blood, culture, and common experiences. This was the novel form of political loyalty, which developed into state nationalism. The rise of nationalism was also facilitated by Europe’s modern transformation, as older identities and loyalties eroded. Technology helped to spread ideas, literature, language, etc., which ultimately encouraged political leaders to articulate an appealing idea of their nations, overall prompting nationalism among its citizens.
What were the achievements of 19th century feminism?
Women began gaining entrance to universities so women’s literacy rates climbed, divorce laws were liberalized, and many professions opened up.
In what ways did the Industrial Revolution mark a sharp break with the past?
The Industrial Revolution marked a break with the past in that people began to rely on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which largely replaced the earlier sources of wind, water, wood, and manpower. This Revolution created unprecedented quantities of energy, enabling European workers to advance their crops as well. Also, technological advances such as the steam engine allowed for an almost limitless supply of power which could be used to drive machines, locomotives, and ships, advancing transcontinental trade and transportation.
Why were railroads considered a powerful symbol of the Industrial Revolution?
Because due to it, goods were able to be transported much faster and over longer distances, and they crisscrossed Britain and much of Europe
How did the Industrial Revolution transform the social position of England’s aristocratic class?
Their position had to start making way for the businessmen, manufacturers, and bankers as they became more valuable in the new Industrial economy. The fact that they were an empire, however, gave cushion to them despite the fact that they were a declining class.
What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on England’s middle class?
They benefited the most out of the Industrial Revolution as the upper middle class which primarily consisted of factory and mine owners, bankers, and merchants dominated the new economy that emerged as well as smaller businessmen, doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, and other professionals. Women in these middle class families were also increasingly cast as homemakers, wives, and mothers, expected to be the moral centers of family life
