Ch 8 & Ch 9 PK Quiz Terms

Question 1

Seven Years War

Answer 1

Britain and France joined battle in North America, Caribbean, West Africa, and South Asia causing British to levy taxes on North American colonies and the French to seek revenue from landowners; prompted revolutions

Question 2

King Louis XVI

Answer 2

King of France during French Revolution

Question 3

Three Estates of France

Answer 3

Male representatives of the three estates of France at the time of the revolution (clergy, nobility, etc.)

Question 4

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 4

A charter of political liberties drawn by the French National Assembly that claimed “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” which was a preamble to French Constitution

Question 5

French Revolution

Answer 5

Massive upheaval of French society that overthrew the monarchy, ending legal privileges of the nobility, for a time outlawed the Catholic Church, increasing in violence and radicalism until the Terror of 1793-1794 where it became more conservative under Napoleon

Question 6

Terror of 1793-1794

Answer 6

Stage of revolutionary violence under Maximillian Robespierre following the execution of King Louis XVII

Question 7

Maximillien Robespierre

Answer 7

Leader of French Revolution during the terror; his committee of Public Safety executed tens of thousands until he was arrested and guillotined

Question 8

Committee of Public Safety

Answer 8

Group established by Robespierre that led the French Revolution’s act of deeming its own people enemies of revolution (executing them)

Question 9

Olympic de Gouges

Answer 9

A French playwright and journalist that appropriate the language of the Declaration of Rights to insist “women is born free and lives equal to man in her rights”

Question 10

Napoleon Boneparte

Answer 10

French head of state and general who preserved much of the French Revolution under military dictatorship and spread ideals throughout his conquest of Europe

Question 11

Saint Domingue

Answer 11

French Caribbean colony that renamed itself Haiti; was regarded as the richest colony in the world producing 40% of world’s sugar and half of its coffee

Question 12

Gens de coleus libres

Answer 12

A social group of Saint Domingue that consisted of 30k free people of color

Question 13

Grands Blancs

Answer 13

Rich white landowners that consisted of very well to do plantation owners, merchants, and lawyers

Question 14

Petit Blancs

Answer 14

Poor whites who sought equality of citizenship for all whites

Question 15

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Answer 15

At the formal declaration of Haiti’s independence, he became the nation’s first head of state

Question 16

Haitian Revolution

Answer 16

Only fully successful slave rebellion in world history; uprising in colony was inspired by French Revolution and led to establishment of an independent state after long bloody war

Question 17

Hidalgo-Morelos Rebellion

Answer 17

Radical peasant rebellion in Mexico for independence led by priests; driven by hunger for land and by high food prices

Question 18

Tupac Amaru

Answer 18

Leader of a Native American rebellion in Peru in early 1780, claiming he was descendant of last Incan emperor

Question 19

Simon Bolivar

Answer 19

Arguably most important military leader in struggle for independence in South America; helped free Colombia, Venezuela, Peru

Question 20

Jose de San Martin

Answer 20

A regional military leader from Argentina that helped liberate Argentina, Peru, and Chile

Question 21

Great Jamaica Revolt

Answer 21

Slave rebellion in British West Indies inspired by Haitian Revolution

Question 22

Unification of Italy/Germany

Answer 22

Italy and Germany in the 1800s unified due to nationalism

Question 23

Vindication of the Rights of Women

Answer 23

Written by Mary Wollstonecraft, one of earliest expressions of feminist consciousness

Question 24

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 24

Leading figure of early women’s rights movement in the United states; at Seneca Falls, she drafted statement paraphrasing Declaration of Indepedence

Question 25

1st Nation to Grant Women’s Suffrage

Answer 25

New Zealand

Question 26

Maternal feminism

Answer 26

Movement that claimed women have value in society not because of abstract notion of equality but because they have a distinctive and vital role as mothers; women have right to intervene in civil and political life because of their duty to watch over future of their children

Question 27

Steam Engine

Answer 27

Great breakthrough of Industrial revolution (coal-fired steam engine provided almost limitless source of power and could be used to drive any number of machines as well as locomotives and ships)

Question 28

Anthropocene Era

Answer 28

“Age of man” - Human industrial activity left a mark on human society and ecological, atmospheric, geological history o the Earth

Question 29

British Textile Industry

Answer 29

Site of initial technological breakthroughs of Industrial Revolution in Britain during 1800s

Question 30

British Aristocracy

Answer 30

British aristocracy declined as businessmen led political parties over aristocrats

Question 31

Reform Bill of 1832

Answer 31

British legislation that responded to agitation of middle class (broadened right to vote for many men of middle class but not women)

Question 32

Ideology of Domesticity

Answer 32

Set of ideas and values that defined the ideal role of middle class women in Europe during 1800s (focusing on activity of homemaking, child rearing, charitable endeavors)

Question 33

Lower Middle Class

Answer 33

Social stratum consisting of clerks, salespeople, secretaries, police officers

Question 34

Laboring Classes

Answer 34

Majority of British population which included manual workers in mines, ports, factories, construction sites, workshops

Question 35

Labour Party

Answer 35

British working class party established in 1890s and dedicated to reforms and a peaceful transition to socialism

Question 36

Luddite

Answer 36

Well-organized bands of skilled artisans that destroyed Industrial Revolution inspired machines, burned buildings, and attacked employers

Question 37

“Culture of Consumption”

Answer 37

Generated by America’s pioneering techniques for mass production, using interchangeable parts

Question 38

Socialism in the U.S.

Answer 38

Fairly minor political movement in the United States that was created to represent the interests of the working class

Question 39

Progressives

Answer 39

Followers of an American political movement that advocated reform measures such as wages-and-hours legislation to correct ills of industrialization

Question 40

Crimean War

Answer 40

Russian war against ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France cause Russia to lose resulting in freeing of the serfs in 1861

Question 41

Russian Revolution of 1905

Answer 41

Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after country’s defeat at the hands of Japan in 1905; revolution was suppressed but government had to make substantial reforms

Question 42

Caudillos

Answer 42

Military strongmen who seized control of government in Latin America in the 1800s; achieved power as defenders of order and property

Question 43

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Answer 43

A Caudillo who was president of Mexico at least nine separate times between 1833 and 1855

Question 44

Guano

Answer 44

A seabird excrement or bird droppings that Europeans learned how to exploit to use as potent fertilizer

Question 45

Porfirio Diaz

Answer 45

Mexican dictator that invited the Arizona Rangers to suppress a strike at Cananea that resulted in dozens of deaths in 1906

Question 46

Pancho Villa

Answer 46

Both he and Zapata led huge peasant armies that helped oust Porfirio Diaz

Question 47

Emiliano Zapata

Answer 47

Both he and Pancho Villa led huge peasant armies that helped oust Diaz

Question 48

Mexican Revolution

Answer 48

Bloody war in which Mexican reformers from the middle class joined workers and peasants to overthrow Porfirio Diaz and create a new democratic political order

Question 49

Dependent Development

Answer 49

Term used to describe Latin America’s economic growth in the 1800s; largely financed by foreign capital and dependent on European and North American prosperity and decisions; viewed as form of colonialism

Question 50

United Fruit Company

Answer 50

U.S. corporation that allied with large landowners and compliant politicians; pressured the government of banana republic to maintain conditions favorable to U.S. business; supported by U.S. military intervention in support of American corporate interests in Latin America