ch.18

Question 1

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

fight or flight response

Question 2

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

Rest and digest response.

Question 3

Adrenergic agonists

Answer 3

also called sympathomimetics, adrenomimetics; they stimulate the sympathetic neurotransmitters (fight or flight) Ex epinephrine, norepinephrine.

Question 4

Epinephrine

Answer 4

is in a class of medications called alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetic agents). It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels.

Question 5

Drugs can stop the termination of the neurotransmitter (norepinephrine) by:

Answer 5

1) inhibiting the norepinephrine reuptake, which prolongs the action of the transmitter.
2) inhibiting the degradation of norepinephrine by enzyme action.

Question 6

Two enzymes that inactivate the metabolism of norepinephrine are;

Answer 6

MAO= monoamine

COMT=catechol-o-methyltransferse

Question 7

Three categories of sympathomimetics drugs that stimulate adrenomimetics;

Answer 7

1) direct-acting
2) indirect-acting
3) mixed-acting

Question 8

Direct-acting sympathomimetics

Answer 8

(epinephrine, norepinephrine) stimulate the adrenergic receptors

Question 9

Indirect-stimulating sympathomimetics

Answer 9

stimulate the release of norepinephrine from the terminal nerve endings (amphetamine)

Question 10

Mixed-acting sympathomimetics

Answer 10

stimulate the release of norepinephrine from the terminal nerve endings and stimulate the adrenergic receptor sites- indirect & direct (ephedrine)

Question 11

Catecholmines

Answer 11

Chemical structures of a substance (either endogenous or synthetic) that can produce a sympathomimetic response.

Question 12

Examples of endogenous catecholmines:

Answer 12

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine.

Question 13

Examples of synthetic catecholmines:

Answer 13

isoproterenol, dobutamine.

Question 14

Noncatecholmines:

Answer 14

phenylephrine, metaproterenol, albuterol

Question 15

Nonselective

Answer 15

excites all receptors approximately equally.

Question 16

Epinephrine

Answer 16

potent intropic (strengthens myocardial contraction) drug that increases cardiac output, promotes vasoconstriction and systolic blood pressure elevation, increases heart rate, and produces bronchodilation.

Question 17

Albuterol

Answer 17

a beta2 agonist, is selective for beta2-adrenergic receptors, so the response is relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchodilation.

Question 18

Clonidine

Answer 18

is a selective alpha2 adrengergic agonist used primarily to treat hypertension.

Question 19

epinephrine symptoms Nascar

Answer 19

Nervousness 
Anxious 
sugar level (raised) 
cardiac arrest 
allergic reaction 
respiratory broncho dilate

Question 20

Adrenergic blockers

Answer 20

drugs that block the effects of adrenergic neurotransmitter. block alpha and beta sites.

Question 21

Alpha blockers

Answer 21

drugs that block or inhibit a response at the adrenergic receptor site. promote vasodilation, causing a decrease in blood pressure.

Question 22

Beta blockers

Answer 22

decrease heart rate, decrease in blood pressure.

Question 23

Adrenergic neuron blockers

Answer 23

Drugs that block the release of norepineephrine from the sympathetic terminal neurons. Clinical use is to decrease blood pressure.