Ch.19

Question 1

Drugs that stimulate that parasympathetic nervous system are called;

Answer 1

cholinergic agonists, or parasympathomimetics, because they mimic the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 2

Acetylcholine

Answer 2

is the neurotransmitter located at the ganglions and the parasympathetic terminal nerve endings.

Question 3

Name the two cholinergic receptors?

Answer 3

1) muscarinic receptor

2) nicotinic receptors

Question 4

Muscarinic receptor

Answer 4

which stimulate smooth muscle and slows the heart rate.

Question 5

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 5

neuromuscular, which affect the skeletal muscles.

Question 6

direct-acting cholinergc

Answer 6

act on the receptors to activate a tissue response.

Question 7

Indirect-acting cholinergic

Answer 7

inhibit the action of the enzyme cholinesterase.

Question 8

Drugs that inhibit cholinesterase are called?

Answer 8

cholinesterase inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, or anticholinesterases.

Question 9

The major responses of cholinergic agonists are to?

Answer 9

stimulate the bladder, and gastrointestinal tone, constrict the pupils (miosis) and increase the neuromuscular transmission. other effects; decreased heart rate and blood pressure and increased salivary, GI, and bronchial grandular secretions.

Question 10

Cholinergic

Answer 10

See, Spit, Shit

Question 11

Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)

Answer 11

a direct-acting cholinergic agonist, acts on the muscarinic (cholinergic) receptor and is used primarily to increase urination.

Question 12

Metoclopramide HCL (Reglan)

Answer 12

is a direct acting-cholinergic agonist that is usually prescribed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. GERD

Question 13

Pilocarpine

Answer 13

a direct-acting cholinergic agonist that constricts pupils of the eyes thus opening the canal of schlemm to promote drainage of aqueous humor (fluid). used to treat glaucoma. (relieves fluid which relieves pressure)

Question 14

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists

Answer 14

do not act on receptors; instead they inhibit or inactivate the enzyme cholinesterase, permitting acetylcholine to accumulate at the receptor sites.

Question 15

Primary use of cholinesterase inhibitors is to treat:

Answer 15

myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, alzheimer’s disease and muscarinic antagonists poisoning.

Question 16

Anticholinergics or parasympatholytics

Answer 16

drugs that inhibit the actions of acetylcholine by occupying the acetylcholine receptors.

Question 17

Atropine

Answer 17

classic anticholinergic, or muscarinic antagonist drug/ useful as a preoperative medication to decrease salivary secretions. also as an antispasmodic drug to treat peptic ulcers, because it relaxes the smooth muscle of the GI tract and decreases peristalsis. an agent to increase heart rate when bradycardia is present.

Question 18

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 18

decreases involuntary movement and diminishes signs and symptoms of tremors and muscle rigidity that occur with parkinsons’s disease and pseudoparkinsonism.