Ch.2 Ethics In Research

Question 1

How to give equitable treatment to subjects?

Answer 1

• Give informed consent (with infants: the parents’ assent)
• safety
• No deception (unless necessary)
• Protect vulnerable groups (children, developmentally delayed, prisoners)

Question 2

What does the Belmont Report’s main points about treating subjects fairly?

Answer 2

• Give respect of person: protection from vulnerable populations and the right to their autonomy
• Beneficence: minimize risks and maximize benefits
• Justice: don’t test on one group that benefits another

Question 3

What are the main APA guidelines for the ethical experimentation on animals?

Answer 3

• treat them humanely
• only use pain, deprivation or stress when absolutely necessary
• in surgery, be as careful and safe as possible
• have personnel trained in animal care

Question 4

What does IRB stand for?

Answer 4

Institutional Review boards

Question 5

What is an IRB?

Answer 5

An ethics organization that ensures experimentation is ethical by reviewing proposals in human subject research

Question 6

What members conform an IRB?

Answer 6

• Scientists
• Non-scientists
• non-university community members

Question 7

What does IACUC stand for?

Answer 7

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Question 8

What are the tasks of IACUC’s?

Answer 8

• Review research proposals involving animal subjects
• Inspect animal facilities every 6 months
• Evaluate personnel qualifications

Question 9

What personnel do IACUC’s include?

Answer 9

• Vet(s)
• Researchers
• Non-scientists
• Someone affiliated with the university

Question 10

What is Cherry Picking or “fishing”?

Answer 10

Probing your data until you get the desired result in favor (fabricating data in the worst-case scenario)

Question 11

What are the consequences of Scientific misconduct?

Answer 11

• The principal investigator gets fired
• The PI needs to pay all the funding back
• Other people’s careers are affected
• Ineffective treatment for diseases
• We don’t know what’s true

Question 12

What ISN’T considered Scientific misconduct?

Answer 12

• Getting a false positive (Type I Error)
• Doing an analysis wrong
• miscommunicating (accidentally or deliberately)

Question 13

What are some questionable research practices?

Answer 13

• Only publishing positive results
• Coming up with a new hypothesis when finding something weird in experimentation to fit your data better (“HARKing”)