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Genetics > Ch.2-Mitosis & Meosis > Flashcards

Ch.2-Mitosis & Meosis Flashcards

1
Q

Defining factor that differtiates between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells:

A

Prokaryotes have NO nucleus and NO membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

Genome of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Pro-1 circular DNA

Euk-many linear DNA

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3
Q

Genetic material in a eukaryote is surround by

A

A nuclear envelope to form a nucleus

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4
Q

DNA is associated with _______ to form tightly packed chromosomes

A

Histones

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5
Q

Their outer coat is made of protein that surrounds nucleic acid, they can’t replicate on their own

A

Viruses

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6
Q

Are similar but not identical: each homolog carries the same genes in the same order but alleles for each trait may not be the same

A

Homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

____ cells carry two sets of genetic info (half from mom, half from dad)

A

Diploid

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8
Q

____ cells carry one set of genetic info (set of gametes)

A

Haploid

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9
Q

Humans have this many pairs of chromosomes

A

23

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10
Q

This organism has two sets of chromosomes organized as homologous pairs

A

Diploid

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11
Q

Attachment point for spindle microtubulues

A

Centromere

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12
Q

Tips of a linear chromosome

A

Teleomere

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13
Q

Centromere situated so that one chromosome arm is somewhat shorter than the other

A

Submetacentric

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14
Q

Centromere in the middle

A

Meta centric

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15
Q

Centromere at the end with no short arm visible in light microscope

A

Telocentric

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16
Q

Centromere near the end producing a short arm

A

Acrocentric

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17
Q

2 Cell cycle phases:

A
  1. Interphase

2. M (mitotic) phase

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18
Q

5 Phases of Mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
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19
Q

3 phases within interphase

A
  1. G1
  2. S
  3. G2
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20
Q

Interphase subdivision phase where proteins necessary for cell division are synthesized

A

G1

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21
Q

Interphase subdivision where DNA synthesis occurs

A

S

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22
Q

Interphase subdivision where biochemical preparation begins for cell division

A

G2

23
Q

Between G1 and S phase and G2 and mitosis are these that check for damage within the cell or DNA

A

Check points

24
Q

Separation of sister chromatids

A

Mitosis

25
Q

Separation of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

26
Q

Mitosis phase where spindle fibers appear and chromosome condense

A

Prophase

27
Q

Mitosis phase where spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and nuclear membrane disintegrates

A

Prometaphase

28
Q

Mitosis phase where chromosomes align in middle

A

Metaphase

29
Q

Mitosis phase where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

A

Anaphase

30
Q

Mitosis phase where chromosomes arrive at spindle poles and the nuclear membrane reforms and condensed chromosomes relax

A

Telophase

31
Q

Cytoplasm divides

A

Cytokinesis

32
Q

The spindle microtubules are composed of subunits called

A

Tubulin

33
Q

The production of haploid gametes

A

Meiosis

34
Q

The fusion of haploid gametes

A

Fertilization

35
Q

Consequence of meiosis

A

Genetic variation

36
Q

Each pair of chromosomes lines up and separation independently during…

A

Meiosis I

37
Q

In one human gamete (sperm or egg), there are approx. ____ possible combos of chromosomes

A

8 million (2^23)

38
Q

Due to sexual repro, the total number of possible chromosome combos is ___

A

70 trillion

39
Q

DNA synthesis and chromosome replication phase

A

Interphase

40
Q

Separation of homologous chromosome pairs and reduction of the chromosome number by half

A

Meiosis I

41
Q

Separation of sister chromatids

A

Meiosis II

42
Q

Each chromosome has it’s own _____ (the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber)

A

Centromere

43
Q

Either of two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes

A

Chromatid

44
Q

Stages of Meiosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase…

Interkinesis

45
Q

Meiosis I stage that is divided in 5 substages where chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over takes place

A

Prophase 1

46
Q

Close pairing of homologous chromosomes

A

Synapsis

47
Q

Closely associated four sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes

A

Tetrad

48
Q

Exchange of genetic info from each of the sister chromatids

A

Crossing over

49
Q

Random alignment of homologous pairs of chromosomes along the metaphase plate

A

Metaphase 1

50
Q

Separation of homologous chromosome pairs and the random distribution of chromosomes into two newly divided cells

A

Anaphase 1

51
Q

2 instances that creates genetic variation

A
  1. Prophase 1 in crossing over

2. Anaphase 1

52
Q

Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles and cytoplasm divides

A

Telophase 1

53
Q

Resting phase between Meiosis 1 & 2

A

Interkinesis

Genetics (3 decks)

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