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Abnormal Psychology > CH4 - Anxiety > Flashcards

CH4 - Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of FEAR?

A

the physiological and emotional response to danger

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2
Q

What is the definition of ANXIETY?

A

the physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of a threat or danger

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3
Q

GAD is marked by _______

A

persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety

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4
Q

Anxiety & fear can be both ______ & ________

A

useful and motivating

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5
Q

Anxiety typically begins in _____

A

childhood

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6
Q

Is anxiety more common in men or women?

A

Women

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7
Q

Anxiety is higher in ….

A

low income, African Americans & the elderly

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8
Q

Symptoms of anxiety (6)

A

Edginess, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, sleep problems

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9
Q

In the sociocultural perspective of anxiety, it is _____ as high in those in poverty

A

twice

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10
Q

Cognitive Perspective:

Followers suggest that psychological problems are caused by ____________

A

dysfunctional ways of thinking

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11
Q

Irrational assumptions are when people are guided by ______ beliefs and they act & react ________

A

irrational, inappropriately

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12
Q

New Wave Explanations:

People with GAD hold both ______ & ______ beliefs about ______ and beleive that it is useful

A

positive & negative, worrying

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13
Q

Metaworries

A

Worrying about worrying

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14
Q

What is stroop color naming?

A

People with GAD are slower at naming words with more significance in a different color

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15
Q

Intolerance of Uncertainty

A

Cannot tolerate the idea that bad things can happen so they worry in order to find the “correct” solution to negative events

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16
Q

Avoidance theory

A

Fully avoiding the provoking stimulus

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17
Q

In the biological theory of anxiety, it tends to run in ____

A

Families

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18
Q

Leading treatment of anxiety

A

Drug therapy - usually Benzos

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19
Q

Cognitive therapies for anxiety

A

Rational emotive therapy
CBT
Relaxation training
Biofeedback

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20
Q

What is a phobia?

A

a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation

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21
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Where a person is afraid of public places that they can’t escape

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22
Q

Common categories of phobias

A

Animal/insect, natural environment, situational, blood injection injury

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23
Q

Agoraphobia is more common in _____ than _____

A

Women then men

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24
Q

Onset is early ______

A

20s

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25
Q

Causes of phobias:

    • Unconscious _____
    • Modeling (thru ________ & ________)
    • Classical conditioning > _____ it and operant conditioning _______ it
A

Fears

Observation & intimidation

creates, maintains

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26
Q

Biological theory on the cause of phobias

A

Most likely to be genetic

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27
Q

What is blood/injection/injury?

A

Decreased blood pressure and heart rate at the sight of blood, needles etc, often resulting in fainting

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28
Q

What is a good technique to avoid fainting when you hve a B/I/I phobia?

A

Applied tension to build your blood pressure

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29
Q

_______ _________ therapy is learning to relax while gradually facing fear

A

Systematic desensitization

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30
Q

_______ is when a therapist shows the patient that the fear is actually harmless and they are safe

A

Modeling

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31
Q

________ is when the patient is confronted with the fear for an extended period of time

A

Flooding

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32
Q

Biological treatment for phobias

A

Benzos for short term, behavioral techniques for long term

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33
Q

Severe and persistent fear of being embarrassed or judged in a variety of situations

A

Social anxiety

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34
Q

Social anxiety effects _____ of the population

A

13%

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35
Q

Social anxiety is more common in

A

Women

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36
Q

Onset of social anxiety is usually

A

adolescence

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37
Q

Social anxiety is often associated with other anxiety or mood disorders - T/F

A

True

38
Q

Treatment for social anxiety (4)

A

Benzos
Exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization
Mindfulness training

39
Q

An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictible ______

A

Panic disorder; panic attacks

40
Q

Panic disorder often cooccurs with ____ & _____

A

GAD & Depression

41
Q

Panic disorder often leads to ______ or ______

A

Agoraphobia or substance abuse

42
Q

5 symptoms of panic disorder

A 
Overwhelming dread
Heart palpitations
Trembling
Sweating
Dizziness
43
Q 
Biological perspective of panic disorder
Abnormal \_\_\_\_\_\_ (linked to depression), irregular \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ (regulates emotion)
A

Norepinephrine, locus coeruleus

44
Q

Cognitive perspectie:

Theorist believe panic prone people ______ the __________ _____

A

misinterpret, psychological events

45
Q

What is a biological challenge test?

A

Induces panic attack to see anxiety sensitivity

46
Q

Most common treatment for panic disorders

A

Benzos & antidepressants

47
Q

CBT is helpful with panic disorders because it ______ the _______

A

corrects, misinterpretation

48
Q

A combination of _____ and _____ is very effective for panic disorders

A

drug therapy and CBT

49
Q

What is OCD?

A

When a person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions or both

50
Q

____ ______ is common to prevent bad things from happening to self or loved ones

A

Magic thinking

51
Q

OCD effects both men and women but ____ have an earlier age of onset

A

Men

52
Q

OCD can develop in childhood but typically develops by __________

A

young adulthood

53
Q

T/F? Patients recognize that thoughts and actions are irrational

A

True

54
Q

4 disorders related to OCD

A

Hoarding
Trichotillomania
Excoriation
Body dysmorphoic disorder

55
Q

_______ is a hair pulling disorder

A

Trichotillomania

56
Q

_______ is a skin/scab picking disorder

A

Excorition

57
Q

The _____ perspective focuses on explaining and treating compulsions not the obsessions in OCD

A

behavioral

58
Q

The ________ perspective explains that we all have negative thoughts from time to time but people with OCD try to neutralize thoughts with compulsions and blames themselves for the thoughts

A

cognitive

59
Q

The _______ persepective explains that OCD is causes by low serotonin levels

A

Biological

60
Q

Thoughts and images associated with aggressions or abnormal sexual behavior typically to reduces anxiety, obsessional doubts with cleaning compulsions, symmetry and ordering with organizing compulsions and contamination with cleaning compulsions are all symptoms of _________

A

OCD

61
Q

Combining cognitive and behacioral approaches can be more effective than either approach on its own with ______

A

OCD

62
Q

In the sociocultural perspective of anxiety, GAD is most likely to develop in people who are exposed to __________

A

threatening environments

63
Q

African Americans are _____ more likely to develop GAD

A

30%

64
Q

A short term treatment for phobia is

A

benzos

65
Q

A long term treatment for phobia is

A

behavioral techniques

66
Q

Benzos are an effective treatment for anxiety because

A

improves GABAs ability to stop neuron firing and reduces the anxiety

67
Q

Relaxation training is

A

a treatment for anxiety that teaches patients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in a stressful situation

68
Q

Exposure therapy is useful in those with phobias because

A

it exposes the patient to the phobia and the therapists ensures them they are safe

69
Q

A fear of spiders is an example of

A

animal-type phobia

70
Q

A fear of heights is an example of

A

enviromental-type phobia

71
Q

A fear of bridges is an example of

A

situational-type phobia

72
Q

A fear of needles is an example of

A

blood/injury/injection type phobia

73
Q

In the biological theory of anxiety, there is a dysfunction with ______ and likely others

A

GABA

74
Q

In the biological theory of anxiety, there is possibly a dysfunction with the ____ ______ ______ _______

A

prefrontal cortex antierior cingulate

75
Q

How does the cognitive persepective explain GAD?

A

It is caused by dysfuntional thinking

76
Q

Emotional and cognitive factors

A

People with GAD have more negative emotions and react strongly to negative events

77
Q

How does the biological perspective explain GAD?

A

Low activity of GABA

78
Q

What is the behavioral theory in regards to the cause of phobias?

A

Classical conditioning

79
Q

What is the evolutionary theory in regards to the cause of phobias?

A

Predisposition to fears

80
Q

What is the biological theory in regards to phobias?

A

Learned, genetic

81
Q

What causes social anxiety?

A

High social standards, sees themselves as unattractive, sees themselves as socially awkward; often leading to irrational thinking

82
Q

How is social anxiety treated?

A

Usually a combo of SSRI’s and CBT

83
Q

Exposure therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy are used when treating

A

Social anxiety

84
Q

Panic disorder is most common in what race

A

Whites

85
Q

T/F? Symptoms of panic disorder tend to vary between races

A

True

86
Q

Having a predisposition to brain abnormalities is a biological explination for

A

Panic disorder

87
Q

What is anxiety sensitivity?

A

The tendency to focus on ones bodily sensations and process them illogically

88
Q

What is a biological treatment for panic disorder?

A

Antidepressants

89
Q

What is the basic role of caudate neclei/thalamus/frontal cortex?

A

If the thoughts reach the thalamus, causes person to act. When the caudate neclei is too active, it causes the person to overthink & have troublesome thoughts

90
Q

How is OCD treated?

A

Antidepressants & Therapy

Abnormal Psychology (3 decks)

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