Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

First Nations peoples and Europeans learned to get along because ______ __ _______
They began a long process of learning to respect one
another’s ___________

A

wanted to trade

differences

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2
Q

what is the definition of cause?

A

A cause is something that makes an event happen.

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3
Q

what is the definition of events?

A

An effect is the result of this

event. Effects are sometimes called consequences. An event may have several effects.

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4
Q
Generations of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_
[IN-yoo-it], and \_\_\_\_\_\_ as well as French
and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ adventurers took part
in the fur trade. In this section, you
will learn how these groups of
people found ways to work
together.
A

First Nations, Inuit, Métis, English

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5
Q

The First Nations peoples valued the what?
These
included pots what?

A

metal goods that came from Europe.
knives, axes, copper wire, and
guns.

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6
Q

The First Nations traded for other goods as well,

such as WHAT?

A

blankets, cloth, and thread.

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7
Q

When you go to the store to buy something,
you pay for it with money. In the time of
the fur trade, Europeans used metal coins
for money, but they also traded goods. The
exchange of goods is called WHAT?

A

barter.

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8
Q
The First Nations had been trading
among themselves for hundreds of years.
They used the barter system. Trading
parties carried WHAT?(5) and many other goods long
distances to trade with their neighbors.
People traded to get what they needed.
A

corn, tobacco, furs, copper,

pottery,

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9
Q

That’s what happened in Canada!

WHAT HAPPENED IN CANADA?

A

Can you imagine an economy being kick-started by a fashion trend? That’s
what happened in Canada! Beaver pelts make fine hats. It was the huge
demand for hats that fueled the fur trade.

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10
Q

• First Nations.
Three major groups took part in the fur
trade: the First Nations, the merchants, and
the coureurs de bois. LIST THEM!

A
During the winter, First
Nations men hunted and trapped animals.
The women skinned the animals and
prepared the pelts. In the spring, when
the ice on the rivers and lakes melted, the
men and women loaded their bark canoes
with furs. They travelled to the trading
posts to trade these furs for goods.
Sometimes they transported furs for other
hunting groups, too.
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11
Q

• Merchants.
Three major groups took part in the fur
trade: the First Nations, the merchants, and
the coureurs de bois. LIST THEM!

A
In both the French and
English fur trade, merchants financed and
organized the trade. They purchased
trading goods in Europe and shipped
them to Canada. Then they shipped the
furs back to Europe to sell to the hat
makers.
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12
Q

• Coureurs de bois and voyageurs.
Three major groups took part in the fur
trade: the First Nations, the merchants, and
the coureurs de bois. LIST THEM!

A

The
phrase coureur de bois means “runner of
the woods.” You will recall reading about
these adventurers in Chapter 2. They were
the French traders who paddled on long
journeys into the wilderness to trade for
furs with the First Nations. Later, these
hardy men paddled the trade canoes from
Montréal to the trading forts. They
became known by another French word,
voyageurs.

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13
Q
• showing them how to find food
• teaching them how to make medicine to
cure diseases such as scurvy
• providing advice on how to
dress for the cold weather
• providing transportation in
the form of canoes,
snowshoes, and toboggans
• sharing their knowledge of
the region
• translating trade deals with
various groups
• helping them negotiate
• providing a workforce to cook food, sew
moccasins, prepare pemmican, snare
animals, lace snowshoes, and so on
First Nations Women:
Another Perspective []
When you think of the people who took
part in the fur trade, do you think of the
First Nations women? They did not hunt for
furs. However, First Nations and Métis
women played a different but equally
important role for their communities.
• Preparing furs. Women prepared most
pelts that crossed the ocean. First, they
scraped off the flesh. They rubbed the pelt
with the brains of the animal, smoked it
over an open fire, and soaked it in warm
water. Then they worked the pelt until it
was soft.
• Working in the forts. Women also helped
in the forts. They performed many
essential tasks, such as making moccasins
and clothing. They collected birchbark
and spruce gum for making canoes. They
wove fishing nets and snowshoes and
gathered firewood. They contributed to
the food supply by snaring small animals
and collecting nuts, roots, berries, and
bulbs as well as leaves to make tea.
• Working “on the road.” Women paddled
the canoes and worked in camps, too.
Matonabbee was the Dene [DEN-ay]
explorer who led Samuel Hearne on his
trips. (The Dene lived in the boreal forest
and on the tundra of the Northwest
Territories.) Matonabbee refused to travel
without women to help. In Dene society,
then as now, all clan members shared the
duties and responsibilities of survival.
These members included women and
children.
• Sharing language and geography skills.
Many First Nations and Métis women
knew more than one language. This made
them valuable as interpreters and
negotiators. They also worked as guides.
WHO SHOWED WHO HOW TO DO THIS.
A
Europeans could not have been involved
in the fur trade without a great deal of
help. As you have seen in earlier chapters,
Europeans did not know how to cope in
the North American wilderness.
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14
Q

A French noble, the Marquis de Frontenac,

became WHAT in 1672.

A

governor.

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15
Q

_______ __ ____ could now travel in peace.
They got furs from the _________ and the
______, who traded with distant First
Nations for furs. Local ________ populations
had begun to dwindle. As a result, the
French expanded farther north and west
in search of more beaver.

A

Coureurs de bois, Montagnais, Odawa, beaver.

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16
Q

where did the Coure doi bouis spend their wages

A

the shop

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17
Q

In _____, the king put ____ ________ ________
in charge of planning. wanted the
colony to be part of the mercantile system.
The colonists in would receive
goods made in France.

A

1663, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, New France

18
Q
A French noble, the Marquis de Frontenac,
became governor in when. He faced a
problem. Many Wendat had been killed by
smallpox. The Haudenosaunee had killed
many more. The whole Wendat society fell
apart.
A

1672.

19
Q

Coureurs de bois could now travel in peace.

why?

A

“The hatchet is stopped,” said
Michipichy, a Wendat leader. “We have
buried it during these days here in the
deepest place in the earth, so that it will not
be taken up again by one side or the other.”
(Source: Quoted in Gilles Havard, The Great
Peace of Montréal of 1701 [Montréal,
Kingston: McGill–Queen’s University Press,
2001], p. 145.)

20
Q

What were the 3 tribes that formed the great peace of Montreal and where were they from?

A

of the Potawatomi [pot-uh-WAH-
tuh-mee] south of Lake Erie, the Odawa on

Manitoulin Island, and the Ojibwa [oh-JIB-
way] on the north shores of Lakes Huron

and Superior.

21
Q

In 1715, who took charge of a
French trading post near Lake Superior? During
his years there, he made several trips through the
forests of what is now Northern Ontario. He
claimed these lands for where.

A

Pierre La Vérendrye France

22
Q

Unlike the who, the who were
not interested in creating a colony in
what is now Canada.

A

French English

23
Q

stockade

A

stockade—a wooden barrier of upright posts.

Entry was controlled.

24
Q

why is Isabel Gunn famous?

A

she dressed as a boy to get a job then had to leave her job because she had a baby.

25
Q

The hard-working men who paddled
the canoes and hauled supplies across the
portages were the fabled who?

A

voyagers

26
Q

Nor’Westers?

A

A North West Company employee

27
Q
The voyageurs could
not make the trip there and back
in one summer. Instead, canoes
came from both directions and
met in the middle at Fort what on lake what?
A

William, on Lake

Superior.

28
Q

À la claire fontaine the song what was it

A

You have no cares to grieve you,
While I could weep today,
For I have lost my loved one
In such a senseless way.

Refrain:
Many long years have I loved you,
Ever in my heart you’ll stay.
She wanted some red roses
But I did rudely say
She could not have the roses
That I had picked that day.
Now I wish those red roses
Were on their bush today,
While I and my beloved
Still went our old sweet way.
29
Q

First Nations who took part in the

fur trade in Alberta were the Siksika

A

Siksika

30
Q

Marie-Anne Gaboury was the first non-Aboriginal woman to live in
Where!?!?!?!?!?

A

Western Canada.

31
Q
For years, the Rocky Mountains created a
barrier that kept the voyageurs from
pushing westward. Explorers could not
find a way through the mountains.
Alexander Mackenzie
wanted to solve the riddle. what is the river called?
A

river of disappointment

32
Q

They also borrowed each other’s

technologies. who and who did this?

A

Europeans and first nations

33
Q

what did alcohol contain

A

pure alcohol, tea leaves, rotten
chewing tobacco, painkillers, red peppers, lye,
ginger, soap, red ink, and molasses.

34
Q

what happened to the hunters who drank alcohol?

A

They either got really sick and couldn’t provide for their family’s or they died.

35
Q

there was no police force here? wheres here?

A

fort whoop up

36
Q

Trading alcohol for fur was not common before the _______ ______

A

nineteenth century.

37
Q

70 members
of the Kainai First Nation died in violent
encounters.

         WHY?
A

because people drank alcohol and attacked people because their drunk.

38
Q

Trade at Fort Whoop-Up grew from

_____ _____ __ ____ __ _____ ________ __ ____

A

5000 hides in 1869 to about 60 000 in 1875.

39
Q

One very positive result of contact between
First Nations peoples and Europeans was the
creation of a new culture: ___ _____.

A

the Métis.

40
Q

The first ______
were the children of First Nations women
and European fur traders.

A

Métis