Ch.59 Ex:2

Question 1

The cephalic neural plate develops the ____, and the caudal end forms the ____ cord.

Answer 1

Forebrain

Spinal

Question 2

The forebrain will continue to develop into the ____, the midbrain will become the ____, and the hindbrain will form the ____.

Answer 2

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
think pms (P.M.R)

Question 3

Failure of closure of the neural tube at the cranial end is called?

Answer 3

Anencephaly

Question 4

Sonographic features of Anencephaly include:

Answer 4

Abscence of the brain and cranial vault
Rudimentary brain tissue (cerebrovasculosa)
“Froglike”appearance-bulging fetal orbits

Question 5

Acrania features

Answer 5

Presence of brain tissue w/o thepresence of calvarium
Disorganization of brain tissue
Prominent sulcal markings

Question 6

A neural tube defect in which the meninges alone or the meninges and the brain herniate through a defect in the calvarium is called?

Answer 6

Cephalocele

Question 7

The term used to describe herniation of the meninges and brain through the defect is called?

Answer 7

Encephalocele

think en-separated,they go together

Question 8

Cranial ____ describes the herniation of only meninges.

Answer 8

Meningocele

Question 9

Fetuses with myelomeningoceles often present with the cranial defects associated with the ____ malformation, which is identified in 90% of patients.

Answer 9

Arnold-Chiari (Type II)

Question 10

Spina Bifida Features

Answer 10

V or U configuration splaying of the post ossification centers
Protusion of a saclike structure (anechoic or echogenice)
Cleft in the Skin

Question 11

DWM Features

Answer 11

Posterior fossa cyst
Enlarged Cisterna Magna
Splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres (agensis of cerebeller vermis)
Ventriculomegaly

Question 12

____ holoprosencephaly is characterized by amonoventricle;brain tissue that is small and may have a cup,ball, or pancake configuration;fusion of the thalamus;and absence of the interhemispheric fissure,cavum septi pellucidi,corpus callosum,optic tracts, and olfactory bulbs.

Answer 12

Alobar

Question 13

____ holoprosencephaly presents with a single ventricular cavity with partial formation of the occipital horns,partial or complete fusion of the thalamus,a rudimentary flex and interhemispheric fissure, and absent corpus callosum,cavium septi pellucidi, and olfactory bulbs.

Answer 13

Semi-lobar

Question 14

Almost a complete division of the ventricles is seen with a corpus callosum that may be normal,hypoplastic,or absent,although the caveum septi pellucidi will still be absent in ____ holoprosencephaly.

Answer 14

Lobar

Question 15

A fibrous tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres and aids in learning and memory is the ____ ____.

Answer 15

Corpus Callosum

Question 16

____ ____ results from obstruction,atresia, or stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius,causing ventriculomegaly.

Answer 16

Aqueductal Stenosis

Question 17

Porencephaly or ____ cysts are cysts filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 17

Porencephalic

Question 18

A rare disorder characterized by clefts in the cerebral cortex is called?

Answer 18

Schizencephaly

Question 19

Enlargement of the ventricles occurs with ____of cerebrospinal fluid flow.

Answer 19

Obstruction

Question 20

Fetal ventriculomegaly typically progresses from the ____ horns into the temporal and then to the ____ ventricular horns.

Answer 20

Occipital

Frontal

Question 21

A ventricle is considered dilated when its diameter exceeds ____ mm.

Answer 21

10

Question 22

Corpus Callosum sonographic features

Answer 22

Absence of the corpus callosum
Elevation & dilation of the 3rd ventricle
Widely sparated lateral ventricular frontal horns w/medial indentation of the medial walls
Dilated occipital horns (colopocephaly)
Teardrop shaped lateral ventricles
Abscence of the cavum septi pellucidi