Challenges of an Urbanising World

Question 1

What is urbanisation

Answer 1

The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population come to live in towns and cities

Question 2

What are push factors

Answer 2

Push factors are negative aspects that “push” people away from their home

Question 3

What are pull factors

Answer 3

Pull factors are positive aspects that “pull” people to a place and include the prospects of a better life and job opportunities, improved education

Question 4

What is the rate of urban growth in developed countries

Answer 4

Slow or declining

Question 5

What is the rate of urban growth in emerging countries

Answer 5

Rapid

Question 6

What is the rate of urban growth In developing countries

Answer 6

The fastest rates of urbanisation

Question 7

What is a megacity

Answer 7

cities with more than 10 million people

Question 8

What are the factors for megacities growing

Answer 8

-Economic development
-Population growth
-Economies of scale
-Multiplier effect

Question 9

What are the main factors affecting the rate of urbanisation

Answer 9

-Speed of economic development
-Rate of population growth
-Counter urbanisation
-Natural increase

Question 10

What are the urban pull factors

Answer 10

Higher wages
Pace and excitement
Improved education and healthcare
Better job opportunities
Public utilities: water, gas, electricity, etc.
Government support

Question 11

What are the rural push factors

Answer 11

Limited healthcare and education
Mechanisation of farming
Lack of opportunities
Lack of government support or investment
Harsh and monotonous lifestyle
Unreliable food supplies/famine

Question 12

What is Rural reclassification

Answer 12

Due to urban sprawl some rural regions are being reclassified as urban

Question 13

What is counter urbanisation

Answer 13

This is the movement of people from an urban area into the surrounding rural region

Question 14

What is urban economic decline

Answer 14

If a city’s economic growth slows, a city may begin to decline

Question 15

What is informal employment

Answer 15

any employment which is unregulated and unofficial

Question 16

What is formal employment

Answer 16

Workers have a contract
Jobs where workers pay taxes
Employees have legal protection which includes adherence to health and safety regulations
Jobs are more secure
Working conditions are controlled

Question 17

What is re-urbanisation

Answer 17

The movement of people back into the cities from the surrounding area

Question 18

What is Deindustrialisation

Answer 18

The closure of factories and industries leads to large areas of derelict land and buildings

Question 19

What is the central business district(CBD)

Answer 19

-Home to the banks, retail and commercial offices
-Land is in high demand - increasing the cost and density of buildings
-Reduced space led to developers building upwards

Question 20

What is the inner city

Answer 20

Older, terraced ‘worker’ housing
Older industrial areas now mostly derelict or redeveloped
Areas are centred around transport links and access

Question 21

What are the suburbs

Answer 21

Semi and detached housing with gardens
Tree-lined avenues and cul-de-sacs
Smaller retail premises

Question 22

What is the urban-rural fringe

Answer 22

Countryside is eroded through the urban spread
Housing is clustered into estates
Some industrial land use
Now the most accessible area
Development of business, retail and science parks

Question 23

What are the factors affecting land use

Answer 23

-Commercial-Mostly in the CBD due to accessibility
-Industrial-was in the inner city
-Residential-Housing increases in size with distance from the CBD due to lower land costs