Changes of state and particle model

Question 1

Equation for density of a material

Answer 1

density= mass/volume
p=m/v
p= kg/m3
M=kg
V=m3

Question 2

What is the particle model used to explain?

Answer 2

Different states of matter

Differences in density

Question 3

Arrangement of atoms or molecules in a solid

Answer 3

Strong forces of attraction hold particles close together in fixed, regular arrangement. Particles don’t have much energy so only vibrate about their fixed positions. Density generally highest in this state

Question 4

Arrangement of atoms or molecules in a liquid

Answer 4

Weaker forces of attraction between particles. Particles are close together, but move past each other and form irregular arrangements. More energy than particles in a solid- move in random directions at low speeds. Less dense than solids

Question 5

Arrangement of atoms or molecules in a gas

Answer 5

No forces of attractions. More energy, free to move, travel in random directions at high speeds. Gases generally less dense than liquids

Question 6

How to measure density in different ways:

Solid

Answer 6

Use a balance to measure its mass
If regular solid, measure length width and height with a ruler and calculate volume using relevant formula for shape
For irregular solid, submerge in eureka can filled with water. Water displaced by object is transferred to measuring cylinder
Record volume of water in measuring cylinder. Volume of object
Use mass and volume to work our density
P=M/V

Question 7

What is internal energy?

Answer 7

Energy stores inside a system by particles that make up system.
Total kinetic energy and potential of all particles that make up a system

Question 8

What does heating a system do?

Answer 8

Changes energy stores by increasing energy if particles. Either raises temp or changes state

Question 9

What does the temp increase depend on?

Answer 9

The mass, the type of material and the energy input