Changing Britain Flashcards
In 1900, how many children died before the age of 1?
Half
What caused diseases?
- No flushing toilets
- Lack of drains and sewers
- Lack of clean water
- Doctors were clueless
What were the improvements in public health?
- Immunisations and Vaccinations
- Anaesthetics
- Fresh food
- Fresh water
- Flushing toilets
- Building of sewer system
What MUST new council houses have?
- hot and cold water
- bathroom
- electricity
- toilet
- garden
- coal fires
Why was there a demand for coal?
- more coal fires
- trains
- steam ships
- gas lighting
What was a Hewer in the mines?
- adult male
- cuts the coal
What was a Trapper in the mines?
- youngest (5-6 years old)
- opens and closes the door
What was the Bearer in the mines?
- adult women
- carries the coal
What was the Putter in the mines?
- children (12-13 years old)
- takes the coal from Hewer to Bearer
What were the dangers in the mines?
- Fires
- Flooding
- Back injuries
- Black spit
Coal mining - terms of the act…
- no women or girls working underground
- no boys under the age of 10 to work underground
- coal inspections to be had
Coal mining further legalisation…
- must be emergency exits
- baths had to be available
- work days were 7 hours
What improvements in technology took place?
- steam pumps were put in to reduce flooding
- davy safety lamp cut down explosions
- pit ponies replaced bearers
Who created the first railway?
George Stephenson
what were the problems of laying the line?
- hundreds of workers were needed
- stations needed raised platforms
- iron rails were exspensive
What tools were needed to lay railways?
- shovel (digging)
- nightstick (defensive)
- wheelbarrow (carrying items)
- lantern (for light)
- pickaxe (digging tool)
- “water bottle” (beer/whisky)
What were the men who were employed in the railway industry known as?
Navvies
Why were doctors against railways?
Thought the body could not stand speeds of over 15mph
