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GCE A-Level Human Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

1
Q

Key characteristics of place:

A

Form
Activities
Imaginations
Meaning

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2
Q

Key characteristics of place:

Imaginations

A

Personal interpretation of a place.

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3
Q

Key characteristics of place:

Form

A

The physical aspects of a place (natural + Anthropologic)

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4
Q

Key characteristics of place:

Activities

A

Activities available, things to do.

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5
Q

Key characteristics of place:

Meaning:

A

The meaning people apply to a place from their own perspective.

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6
Q

Factors that can influence a place:

Pentagon

A

Economics: Jobs are fundamentally important, shows value of an individual to that place.

History/Politics: What you see today is partly a product of a place’s history. Establishes culture, Policies can be major push/pull factors.

Anthropology/Demographics: Shows how mixed a society is & driver of the economy.

Geology/Geomorphology: restricts/facilitates some of the activities of a place & defines its location.

Climate/Meteorology: Has impact on activities + can affect tourism.

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7
Q

Doreen Massey:

A

A well-known social and economic Geographer. She wrote about a “global sense of place” in which it is hard to envisage places as static entities.
Partly inspired by Carl Marx.

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8
Q

The attachment to a place is directly related to

A

the intensity of experience.

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9
Q

“Location”

A

Where it is on a map: coordinates

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10
Q

“Locale”

A

Everyday life/activites & wider surroundings.

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11
Q

“Sense of place”

A

Meaning. Personal emotional attachment.

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12
Q

Is ‘sense of identity’ simple?

A

No, it can be seen as multi-layered.
Factors include family history, birthplace, where you were raised.

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13
Q

Characteristics of ‘Big K’

A

Rural countryside, Yorkshire.
(Kellingley colliery –> began production in 1965. Noticeable as it is last deep coal mine in UK)
Underground: hostile environment. Dangerous.

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14
Q

Identities within ‘Big K’

A

Deep friendships.
Male workforce.
Tough people.
‘Generational families’ –> father, grandfathers, etc. Identify as ‘miners’. –> Intense experience = strong bond.
One of the most unionised workforces.
People are scared of future- Big K closed in 2015.

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15
Q

‘Big K’s’ connections with the outside world

A

They provide our energy.
It is needed! £400/minute if it stops. Kellingley is already in debt –> £4 million loan from govt after owners (UK coal- privatised) went into administration in 2013. Would last until 2015-
Kellingley shut in 2015.

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16
Q

Forces acting on ‘Big K’

A
  • Government politics –> **coal is most polluting carbon source. **
  • De-industrialisation.
  • Unions: Heavily unionised workforces. E.g. miner strikes during Thatcher.
  • Govt. Decided to end UK reliance on coal by 2025.
  • Other countries have heavily invested in coal –> e.g. China and Germany.
  • Shut down in 2015.
  • UK energy debate
17
Q

Who is ‘The Black Farmer’ and why is he important?

A
  • Farmer in Devon
  • There is institutional bias regarding land in the countryside. Big institutions lease land to traditional farmers / not immigrants.
  • Is recipient of an MBE.

Shows ‘outsider perspective’ & low tolerance.

18
Q

Britain’s national parks: The Mosaic Champions

A
  • ~ 100 million visitors / year to national parks. Only 1% are ethnic minorities.
  • Trains “Community Champions” (CC): People from the community who encourage others to visit.
  • 200 CCs. –> introduced 28,000 people (from ethnic minority groups) from 20 different cities.

NOT just ethnic minorities: young people are encouraged to visit (teenagers through to 30-ish).

  • 1,135 other young people were encouraged!
  • Majority of YC are White British.

Benefical for BOTH physical & mental health.

Both projects work with YHAs (Youth Hostel Associations).

19
Q

Insider/Outsider: Gender Inequality

Iceland:

A

Top of gender equality index
* High independence & safety for girls & women.

20
Q

Insider/Outsider: Gender Inequality

Jordan

A

Bottom of gender inequality index
* Muslim girls have many restrictions. They can’t do what guys their age do, e.g. smoke cigarettes.
* Rights are very limited: often have to ask father for permission to socialise with other girls.
* Women rarely play sports- they are seen as too precious.
* Youths believe that change will not occur anytime soon- Deep-rooted tradition and culture.

21
Q

Insider/Outsider: Gender Inequality

UK

A

18th on gender inequality index
* Women make up only 1/3 of parliament.
* Sex is an open topic between genders.

22
Q

Insider/Outsider: Gender Inequality

Lesotho

A

82nd on gender inequality index
- Most gender-equal country in sub-saharan Africa.
- Culture & deep-rooted beliefs: stereotype of women keeping the home tidy, taking care of children etc.

23
Q

Yi-Fu Tuan quote:

A

“Place is security, space is freedom”

24
Q

Xenophobia:

A

fear of others from other communities

In this context.

25
Q

Genius Loci

A

“Spirit of a place”
Term often used in planning to describe the key characteristics of a place with which new developments must occur.

26
Q

Endogeneous factors:

A

Factors that influence the character of a place within said place.

27
Q

Exogeneous factors:

A

Factors that influence the character of a place outside said place.

28
Q

Endogeneous factors of Rye Lane

A
  • All speak English
  • Low-income Britain (‘Ordinary street’)
  • Low investment. Run-down.
  • Urban mutalism –> Shops emerging into sub-divisions.
  • Capacity to grow.
  • Trader’s association –> pushing for change together, eg sending emails to council for more land.
29
Q

Exogeneous factors of Rye Lane

A
  • Over 20 different countries of origin…
  • Impact of global financial crisis –> new retail practices + change in land values.
  • Planning authorities are engaged in a re-doing exercise.
  • Many planners want to influence how the street is changing.
  • Some unhappy with how the government is treating the area- those who make the decisions are “disconnected from the people in the area”, and they dictate what happens.
30
Q

What is Poundbury?

A

A town in Dorchester designed to break away from the typical suburban housing patterns The brainchild of (prince) Charles.

31
Q

Positives of Poundbury: Environment

A
  • Sustainable: anaerobic digestion plant.
  • Initiative- roof tiles are solar panels in some homes.
  • Centre of town deliberately hard to drive through to discourage cars.
32
Q

Positives of Poundbury: Business

A
  • LOCAL: eg Milk from local cows processed by local workers into chocolate sold locally (sold in ‘house of Dorchester’ chocolate factory)
33
Q

Positives of Poundbury: Social

A
  • Community-based solutions to issues eg childcare.
  • Social housing is mixed throughout area- hard to tell between types of housing.
34
Q

Poundbury: overall

A

Locals are happy!
Everything within walking distance.
Some criticise, saying it took too long to build & too expensive.

35
Q

Rebranding and place meaning: Portsmouth

A

“Britain’s ocean city”
* Walking trails: exploration opportunity.
* Festival events e.g. Mayflower festival.
* Near Tamar Valley (AONB)
* Activity-orientated

This is from a period of high unemployment and low entrepreneurship in the 1990s.

36
Q

Rebranding and place meaning: Boscombe

A

The problem: Boscombe has been declining since the 1960s due to cheap flights abroad and the cutting of the rail branch line.

The solution: Follow a path of regeneration, especially around the seafront area.

Has it worked? Yes… Kinda. Property is selling at higher prices. The Index of Multiple Deprivation tells us that the seafront area in one of the 40% LEAST deprived areas in the UK while the rest of the town is one of the 10% MOST deprived areas
* Policing has been succeessful: 5-year low in robbery.
* Business stimulation: eg European Arts centre funded by European money- however, Brexit would have impeded this.
* Reduction in HMO’s (House of multiple occupancy). Want them to be reduced to minimum.

37
Q

Human geospatial sources:

A
  • Census data
  • Datanation- specifically their old OS maps
  • BFI- British film Institute: allows you to view old film from your area. Social, economical, & political links.
  • Crime Maps: Social investigations.
38
Q

Physical geospatial sources:

A

OS Maps- physical aspects of a location.
Flood risk maps.
British Geology.
Sewage pollution alerts.
Coastal Management Visualiser (Part of ArcGIS)

GCE A-Level Human Geography (2 decks)

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