Changing Places- CS

Question 1

Tell me about the Negative impacts of second homes in st Ives

Answer 1

• reduces availability and affordability of housing for locals
  -In five parishes in Cornwall, where second homes announced for more then 35% of all housing, the average house price was 87% above the Cornwall average
  -less police presence
  -schools become undersubscribed
• Locals can’t live in the town
• properties empty, so the community is empty

Question 2

Tell me about the positive impacts of second homes at st Ives

Answer 2

can contribute to the conservation of the rural housing stock

• brings empty and redundant properties back into use

enhances the visual quality of the rural areas

Question 3

How are second homes being managed in st Ives?

Answer 3

• ban restrictions on purchase of second homes by non-Locals
• factoring in 10% second home ownership when identified housing needs in rural areas
• part ownership schemes with housing associates EG. Holsworthy community property trust in Devon
• increase council tax on second homes by 300%

Question 4

Tell me about st Ives and it’s challenges and positives

Answer 4

• despite aging population, rural dwellers are generally healthier then in the past.
  -20% of rural residence live more than 4 km from a GP surgery compared to 2% in urban areas
  -estimated that 300 to 500 village shops close down each year
  -loss of post services and pubs and health services and primary schools

Question 5

Tell me about community land trusts in st Ives

Answer 5

• community land trust are set up and run by ordinary people to develop and manage homes
  -eg the bay community land trust, which delivers a sustainable model for affordable housing and community development in Beer (a place in Devon)

Question 6

Tell me about the beer project in st Ives

Answer 6

-aims to deliver for two bedroom semi detached houses
-in 2020, East Devon District council gave planning permission to beer community land trust for this project
-The land for it site had been donated to the club and it’s members in the interest
of the local community

Question 7

Why is Cornwall a deprived area?

Answer 7

-public transport in some rural areas was non-existent
-86% of parishes no longer have bank branches
- half the parishes don’t have a GP surgeon
- Some parishes report that the surgeries open on a part-time basis only

Question 8

Tell me about the eden project in Cornwall

Answer 8

-one of the UK is best known attractions
-In 2001 it had attracted 1.91 million visitors. Only anticipated 200,000 in 2000. Visitor numbers has stabilised a 750,000 a year
-Eden is the prime attraction biome in glass houses tourist spend £5 million a year at the site
-employees 600 permanent staff and 95% of theses are selected locally and 50% of those were previously unemployed

Question 9

Tell me about the negatives of the eden project

Answer 9

-traffic and congestion have increased
- attempts to make visitors use public transport has limited success

Question 10

Tell me about the positives of the eden project in Cornwall.

Answer 10

• good use of a brownfield site as it was an old quarry
• Grows different plant species so they won’t become extinct
• takes out CO2 from the atmosphere
  -use of local produce in the coffee and restaurant
  -reduce unemployment by 6% in the area

Question 11

Tell me about the extreme sporting academy in cornwall

Answer 11

-offers courses such as surfing, wave, skiing, kite surfing
-Watergate bay hotel overlooks the academy which is open all year
-the hotel has new restaurants, bar, accommodations, etc
-employed 15 to 20 people per year and 50 to 60 in 2006

Question 12

Tell me about the Jamie Oliver project done by EE funding-cornwall

Answer 12

-Trains local young people in the catering skills
-training is done by professional chefs
-30, 16 to 24-year-olds from disadvantage backgrounds are selected each year
- profits fund further training and development

Question 13

Tell me about combined universities in Cornwall

Answer 13

-trying to cut the brain drain
-increases in university course
-develop a knowledge economy
-helps graduates set up businesses and secure jobs
- attracts many young and family to the area

Question 14

Tell me about the South West film studio- negative in Cornwall

Answer 14

-set up in 2002
-5.7 million complex received nearly 2 million from objective 1
-two films studios built
-2,400 studios went bankrupt
- Alex swann was arrested in 2007 for fraudulently obtaining money from objective one

Question 15

Explain how Manchester suffered a decline

Answer 15

• according to the UK census data of 1951 to 1981, The inner city lost over 52% of its inhabitants and rate of unemployment grew
• by 1981 in city unemployment was over 20% and the area was covered with run down housing

-207000 manufacturing jobs were lost in Manchester and the service economy didn’t provide enough replacement jobs to secure employment for the majority of those displaced by deindustrialisation

Question 16

Tell me about the catalysts for change in Manchester

Answer 16

• industrial buildings and derelict brownfield spaces formed the keystone of Manchester’s revival. brownfield sites used for redevelopment

-Steady flow of investments in the city led to very focused development. Effective city council attracted grants and bid money

-the pump primary money from Manchester’s failed Olympic bid was used to improve the physical environment and attract new activities such as the national velodrome as well as attracting new modern industrial growth and leisure

Question 17

Tell me about Etihad in Manchester

Answer 17

-since 2002, the Etihad stadium had become the beacon of regeneration for East Manchester

-following the 2002 commonwealth games, the area has been transformed with new employment, new homes, and new residents being attracted to this part of the city.
the 400 million of public and private investment has delivered the indoor BMX arena which opened in 2011

-The city football academy was completed by city football group in 2014. 74 acres of brownfield land had been transformed into the world’s leading training ground

Question 18

Tell me about sustainability in Manchester

Answer 18

• low carbon homes with low energy and resource demand a part of the processes of making houses affordable in the long term and creating cities of the future
  -electric cars charging, bike facilities, well let streets and paths, access to the tram. These all encouraged sustainable transport
  -Resilient power, fibre infrastructure and flexible energy sources will ensure smart management of homes, business and neighbourhoods and flexible land use and occupation

Question 19

How successful has the Manchester regeneration been?

Answer 19

• it’s been a success
• the £77 million pounds beacons program exceeded targets
• has improved housing, education and services
• more than 2800 housing properties have been improved
  -percentage of GCSE students gaining 5 A stars to C passes has doubled
  -number of benefit claims in the area fell by 25% over the last 10 years

->however, concerns on health issues, unemployment and high levels of housing vacancies still remain

Question 20

Tell me about the Causes of the death of the high street

Answer 20

-rise of internet shopping
- high commercial rents
- raising petrol cost
-convenience
-no retail to fill vacant shops
-pollution
-unsafe

Question 21

Tell me about the opportunities of vacant buildings-the death of the high street

Answer 21

-‘swingers’ has just opened near Oxford Circus
-customers have a variety of activities to do here such as the cocktail bars and crazy golf
- the venue is filling up acres of floor space vacanted by the recent collapse of some of Britain’s most famous high street brands such as House of Fraser
-the new mantra on the high Street is the focus on “what Amazon cannot do”
- trampoline parks in ported from America are filling up former supermarkets

-retail space is also being repurposed to provide housing such as student housing
-In high Wycombe for example, student flats have been built in the town centre in place of offices and shops

Question 22

Tell me about young people and the death of the high street

Answer 22

-between 2013 and 2019 the number of escape rooms in Britain left from 13 to more than 1400
-There has been a demographic shift to what consultancies called the experience. Economy
- young people increasingly prefer experiences to goods
- a recent survey of British adults show that 2/3 would rather spend their money on experiences then possessions rising

Question 23

Tell me about vacent shops-the death of the high street

Answer 23

-retail space is increasingly being used for socialising
- it doesn’t just prop up rents. It also benefits an area by encouraging shoppers to linger

Question 24

Tell me about Cornish Alps, China clay industry the peak -decline of primary sector

Answer 24

-By the early 19th century the industry was big, the st Austell deposits had emerged as the largest in the world

-19th century- thousands of men employed

-By mid 19th century 65,000 tonnes of China Clay were being mined in the st Austell area of very year

-by 1910 Cornwall was producing some 50% of the world’s China clay

Question 25

Tell me about Cornish Alps, China clay industry the decline-decline of primary sector

Answer 25

-at Austell deposits have been abandoned, the owner relocated to the operations to Brazil
-costs of natural gas and electricity used in the process have trebled in the last 2 years
- English china clays user to employ 4,000 in the 1990 but has now been dwindled to 2,000

Question 26

Tell me about the peak of the coal industry

Answer 26

-At its peak, the British coal industry employed over a million men and was one of the most important industries in the UK
-Transport, power and related industries were all heavily reliant on coal

Question 27

Tell me about the decline of the coal industry

Answer 27

-Became uncompetitive on a global scale due to higher wages, higher production costs and cheaper coal imports
-1960s discovery of cheaper sources of energy ie North sea gas.
-1960s, Decline in coal demand-diesel and electric replaced steam power
-1950s Air act- households switched from coal heating to central heating
-1980s Global warming- need to reduce carbon emissions

Question 28

Tell me about the impacts of the coal industry declining

Answer 28

-employment has declined from 1 million in 1908 to 6,000 today.
- dangerous and declining industry.-coal mining closing not necessary all bad (woild be silly to employ large amounts of people still)
- local unemployment very high - 50% plus.
-very difficult for the unemployed coal miners to find new employment. -The coal miners faced significant geographical and occupational immobilities. (e.g. a miner may have no academic qualifications (not needed in mining)). After mine closure, it is hard to take jobs in the new service sector based economy

Question 29

Tell me about the Impacts of the quantaray industry clusters on people and places

Answer 29

-Business and science parks have developed around many towns and cities.
-Cambridge developed the first science park in 1973.
-The university and highly skilled graduates combined with the conserved historic core have attracted KIBS jobs to the city and pushed up living costs.
- Even within the city, a new knowledge industry space is being developed around the railway station, which has already attracted Microsoft.
- Digital exclusion refers to a lack of skills associated with computers together with poor access to broadband. Rural areas (e.g. Northumberland, Anglesey) are most likely to exclude people due to the lack of access to broadband, because there is not the threshold population to support the investment in cabling in these regions
-. In Pembrokeshire, 22.8% of adults have never been online.

Question 30

Tell me about education -Quantnary secter

Answer 30

-In 2010/11, Birmingham had 60,000 full-time students in its three universities.
- While many students live in halls of residence, some privately rented

Question 31

Tell me about the silicon roundabout-Quantary secter

Answer 31

-Between 2010 and 2016 the most significant locational growth of technical businesses (92% increase in digital firms, 2010-2013) has been in Inner London, where 252,000 work in digital employment.
- is an inner urban cluster
- It is on the fringe of the City CBD
- It is an area with a high number of start-ups, especially in the arts and cultural services

Question 32

Tell me about factors causing the rise of the quantary sector

Answer 32

The role of Stanford University: its research professors and students have been a constant source of ideas and innovations that spawned many of the companies that are now found in the region.

-Military needs: during the Second World War and 1950s, military needs resulted in the development of the Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, whichevolved, partially as a result of large government contracts, into a NASA base (interdependence).