Chaoter 1- Nomenclature Flashcards
IUPAC Rules
1) Find the longest carbon chain in the compound that contains the highest priority functional group.
2) Number the chain in such a way that the highest priority functional group received the lowest possible number. This determines the suffix of the molecule.
3) Name the substituents with a prefix multiple substituents receive di- tri- tetra etc.
4) Assign a number to each of the substituents depending on the carbon to which it is bonded.
5) Complete the name by alphabetizing substituents. Numbers separated from numbers with commas. Words separated from numbers by commas.
In the IUPAC naming system which group determines the suffix of the molecule?
The highest priority functional group
Functional groups listed in order of priority
Carboxylic acid > anhydride > Esther > amide > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > alkene or alkyne > alkane
Numbers are separated from numbers using what symbol, numbers separated from words using what symbol?
Numbers are separated from numbers using commas.
Numbers are separated from words using hyphens.
Suffix of alkane
-ane
Suffix of alkene
-ene
Suffix of alkynes
-yne
Suffix of alcohols
-ol
Prefix of alcohols
hydroxy-
When there is a higher priority group present
Functional group with two alcohols
diols
Geminal vs vicinal alcohols
Geminal alcohols are diols with the OH group on the same carbon, vicinal are Diles with the OH groups on adjacent carbons
Suffix for aldehydes
-al
Prefix for aldehydes
-oxo
When there is a higher priority group present
Suffix for ketones
-one
 Prefix for ketones
-oxo
When a higher priority group is present
