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Atkinson And Hilgard's Intro To Psych (Preparing For Nmims' Psychology Entrance And Other Exams) > chap 1 > Flashcards

chap 1 Flashcards

1
Q

law of effect

A

reward behaviour = behavior strengthens

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2
Q

overjustification effect

A

explaining your behaviour with more emphasis on situational factors than personal factors

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3
Q

psychology

A

scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

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4
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognise familiar faces due to brain damage (right side)

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5
Q

the man who mistook his wife for a hat book by?

A

oliver sacks

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6
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

when explaining others’ behaviour, we overestimate personality and underestimate situational factors (eg donating when many ppl are around u)

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7
Q

childhood amnesia duration

A

3yrs

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8
Q

cathartic effect (video games causing aggression)

A

reduces aggression as kids express it vicariously (get it outta their system) - LIE

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9
Q

what do u need to evaluate new claims abt psych

A
  1. already established psych facts
  2. standards for scientific evidence
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10
Q

father of medicine

A

hippocrates

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11
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions and parts of living organisms

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12
Q

Philosophers of ancient greece

A

Aristotle
Plato
Socrates

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13
Q

Father of Medicine

A

Hippocrates

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14
Q

Studying the functions and parts of living organisms

A

Physiology

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15
Q

Nature debate

A

Born with knowledge and understanding of reality

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16
Q

Descartes (17th century) supported which view (nature nurture) and compared humans to what

A

Supported the nature view
Thinks the body is a machine

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17
Q

Nurture view

A

Knowledge is acquired thru experience and interactions

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18
Q

Blank slate

A

(tabula rasa) john Locke. Supports the nurture view

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19
Q

Ideas and association

A

Ideas enter thru senses and become associated thru principles like similarity and contrast

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20
Q

First psychological lab

A

By wilhelm wundt
In germany
At the university of Leipzig
1879

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21
Q

Wundt relied on

A

Introspection (dumb)

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22
Q

Structuralism

A

Analysis of mental structures

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23
Q

Functionalism

A

Studying how the mind works to enable an organism to adapt to and function in its environment

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24
Q

Theory of evolution by

A

Charles darwin

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25
Q

Behaviourism by

A

John watson

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26
Q

Behaviourism: US :: Gestalt psychology:?, psychoanalysis :?

A

Germany, .. europe

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27
Q

Gestalt means

A

Form/configuration

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28
Q

Gestalt by

A

Max, Kurt, wolfgang

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29
Q

psychoanalysis by

A

freud

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30
Q

what is psychoanalysis

A

unconscious ..freud used free association

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31
Q

syntactic structures book by, abt

A

noam chomsky, psycholinguistics

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32
Q

order of evol of psych

A

structuralism, functionalism, behaviourism, gestalt psych, pyschoanalysis, information processing theory, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology

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33
Q

structuralism by

A

titchener

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34
Q

punchimg someone who insults u.
behaviourist persp, biological, subjective, psychoanalytic, cognitive persp

A

behav - response to stimulus
bio - brain, nerves, muscles
subj - u took the insult personally and reacted
psychoananalatic - shows ur secretly agressive
cog - punched to defend your honour and aggression is a part of your plan

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35
Q

depression is?

A

abnormal change in the level of neurotransmitters

36
Q

memories. which brain part

A

hippocampus

37
Q

childhood amnesia due to

A

immature hippocampus

37
Q

childhood amnesia due to

A

immature hippocampus

38
Q

cognitive psychology

A

reasoning, planning, percieving, deciding, prob solving, etc

39
Q

psychoanalysis..assumption?

A

behaviour depends on unconscious processes

40
Q

acc to freud, aggressive behaviour stems from?

A

innate instinct

41
Q

reductionism

A

reducing psychological notions to biological ones

42
Q

biological psychologists aka

A

physiological psychologists

43
Q

biological psychologists do what

A

look for the relation bw biological processes and behaviour

44
Q

experimental psychologists conduct research from a ————- perspective.

A

behaviourist and cognitive

45
Q

. they study how animals and ppl react to stimuli, percieve, learn, remember, reason and respond emotionallu

A

experimental psychologists

46
Q

they study factors that affect behaviour from birth to old age. might study a specific ability like language or a particular period like infancy

A

developmental psych

47
Q

they study a person’s style of interacting with the world

A

personality psych

48
Q

they study how behaviour and emotions are influenced by real or imagined presence of others

A

social psychologists

49
Q

they apply psychological principles to the diagnosis and treatment of emotional and behavioural probs

A

clinical psych

50
Q

they do research onn teaching methods and train teachers

A

educational psychologists

51
Q

they work with children to evaluate learning and emotional probs

A

school psych

52
Q

hypothesis

A

a statement that can be tested

53
Q

an interrelated set of propositions abt a particular phenomenon

A

scientific theory

54
Q

scientific data is data that is —- and ——–

A

reliable and unbiased

55
Q

control grp? (experiments)

A

hypothesized cause isnt present

56
Q

during experiments, participants shld be allowed to choose their grp. t or f

A

falsee. there should be random assignment

57
Q

experiments can be done outside the lab?

A

yes. cuz theyre dependent on logic not location

58
Q

positively correlated vs negatively correlated

A

positive- 2 variables are directly proportionate. negative - inversely prop

59
Q

correlation values …

A

0 - 0.2 : not very useful
0.2 - 0.6 : useful
0.6 or more - v high
1- perfect correlation

60
Q

correlation doesnt always imply causation. t or f

A

t

61
Q

scholarly summary of the existing body of research on a given topic

A

literature review

62
Q

review type where stats used to draw conclusions abt prev studies

A

meta analysis

63
Q

review where words are used to to describe prev studies and discuss the strength of the available psych evidence

A

narrative review

64
Q

type of review done by students in colleges

A

narrative review

65
Q

apa stands for

A

american psychological association

66
Q

debriefing

A

participants are told after the experiment why certain things were kept secret from them. their emotions shpuld be dealt with by the researchers

67
Q

ethics [research w humans]

A

minimal risk
informed consent (debriefing)
right to privacy

68
Q

Basic unit of nervous system

A

neuron

69
Q

neurons rcv chemical signals on branches called

A

dendrites

70
Q

neurons transmit down the

A

axon

71
Q

aristotle nature or nurture view

A

nurture

72
Q

first woman awarded a phd in psych

A

margaret floy washburn

73
Q

first psychological lab at india in, by, when

A

calcutta uni, nn sen gupta, 1916

74
Q

who tries to read the personality by feeling the skulls of ppl

A

phrenologists

75
Q

founder of individual psych

A

alfred adler

76
Q

overt vs covert behaviours

A

observable [running] , in the head [thinking]

77
Q

control commitment challenge are elemnts of

A

harding

78
Q

the reluctant acceptance of something without protest.

A

acquiscence

79
Q

3 major concepts of attitude change

A

balance
cognitive dissonance
2 step theory

80
Q

which indian tradition helps develop self control

A

roza

81
Q

The tendency to attribute one’s own positive actions to internal factors and negative actions to external factors is known as:

A

self serving bias

82
Q

the discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs.

A

cognitive dissonance

83
Q

In ——- processing, we use our background knowledge and expectations to interpret what we see.

A

top down

84
Q

in —- processing we allow the stimulus itself to shape our perception,

A

bottom up

Atkinson And Hilgard's Intro To Psych (Preparing For Nmims' Psychology Entrance And Other Exams) (12 decks)

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