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Emergency care 13th edition COPY > Chap 10 > Flashcards

Chap 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

how much air actually make it to the alveoli

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2
Q

diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and circulating blood

A

cellular respiration

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3
Q

diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood

A

Pulmonary respiration

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4
Q

What’s the system call when circulatory and the respiratory systems work together?

A

Cardiopulmonary system

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5
Q

Two diseases of bronchoconstriction?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Asthma

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6
Q

What happens to hemoglobin’s in high pH blood?

A

difficulty holding oxygen

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7
Q

Respiratory distress

A

increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath

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8
Q

Respiratory failure (inadequate breathing)

A

the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life

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9
Q

Respiratory arrest

A

when breathing completely stops

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10
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue or grey color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body

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11
Q

If inspirations are prolonged

A

indicating possible upper airway obstruction

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12
Q

if expirations are prolonged

A

indicating possible lower airway obstruction

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13
Q

Adequate breathing

 - Adult
 - Child
 - Infant
A
  • Adult-12-20
  • Child-15-30
  • Infant-25-50
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14
Q

Emphysema

A

Lung disease that decreases the efficiency of the transfer of oxygen between the atmosphere and the body

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15
Q

Artificial ventilation(positive pressure ventilation)

A

Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing

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16
Q

Negative effects of Artificial ventilation

A
  • Decrease cardiac output/ dropping blood pressure
    • The heart uses the negative pressure the assist in the filling of the chambers with blood. With positive pressure it goes away and the heart can compensate but at risk of blood pressure drop. You can minimize this by using just enough volume to raise the chest
  • Gastric distention
  • Hyperventilation
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17
Q

Types of artificial ventilation

A
  • Mouth to mask
  • Two-rescuer bag valve mask (BVM)
  • Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD)
  • One-rescuer bag valve mask
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18
Q

Ventilation rates
Adult
Child
Infant

A

Adult -10-12
Child - 20
Infant- 20 minimum

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19
Q

What do you do with artificial ventilation if respirations are slow or fast?

A

Bag on patients inhales and then slowly adjust to normal breathing rates

20
Q

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)

A
  • CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)

- BiPAP (biphasic continuous positive pressure)

21
Q

FROPVD

A

Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device

 - Manually triggered ventilation device
 - Peak flow rate of 100% up to 40 liters per minute
 - pressure relief valve opens at 60cm pressure
 - audible alarm when relief valve is activated
22
Q

Automatic transport ventilator

A

device that provides positive pressure ventilation

- adjusts for ventilation rate and volume

23
Q

Three major issues to consider when administering oxygen.

A
  • Oxygen is a drug
  • Oxygen can cause harm
  • Oxygen should be administered based on your overall evaluation of the patients presentation and possible underlying conditions
24
Q

What’s oxygen cylinders made of and filled to?

A

a seamless steel or lightweight alloy and is filled to equal 2000-2200 psi

25
Q

D cylinder contains

A

350 liters

26
Q

E cylinder contains

A

625 liters

27
Q

M cylinder contains

A

3000 liters

28
Q

G cylinder contains

A

5300 liters

29
Q

H cylinder contains

A

6900 liters

30
Q

Color of oxygen cylinders

A

Green or White

31
Q

Don’t let O2 cylinders get blow what PSI

A

200 PSI

32
Q

Pressure regulators bring the cylinder pressure down to what PSI range?

A

30-70 PSI

33
Q

Low pressure flowmeters

A
  • Pressure compensated flowmeter
    • Gravity dependent ball float
  • Constant flow selector valve
    • Pressure selector switch
34
Q

humidifier

A

a device connected to the flow meter to add moisture to the dry oxygen. Can dry out mucous membrane

35
Q

Other dangers of oxygen administration

A
  • Oxygen toxicity or air sac collapse
    • Body reacts to “overload” of oxygen and reduces lung activity and collapses air sac
  • Infant eye damage
    • Premature babies can develop scar tissue on the retina of the eye with to much oxygen
  • Respiratory depression or respiratory arrest
    • People with COPD can have their “drive to breath” wiped out from to much oxygen
36
Q

Nonrebreather mask stats

A

12-15 liters per minute

80-90%

37
Q

Nasal canula

A

1-6 liters per minute

24-44%

38
Q

Partial rebreather mask

A

9-12 liters per minute
40-60%
Usually not used by EMTs but for home use

39
Q

Venturi mask

A

up to 15 liters per minute

24-60%

40
Q

Tracheostomy mask

A

8-10 liters per minute
adjustable %
Used to ventilate through a stoma or tracheostomy

41
Q

Two types of advanced airway devices

A
  • Devices that require direct visualization of the glottic opening (endotracheal intubation)
    • Laryngoscope is used to visualize the airway
  • Devices that are inserted blindly
    • King LT airway, Combitube, and laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
42
Q

Hyperoxygenation

A

Ventilating the patient normal to slightly more not exceeding 20 breaths per minute for no more than 2-3 minutes. this makes sure patient is oxygenated for intubation

43
Q

BURP

A

Bringing Up and to the Right Position

44
Q

Inhalation is a _____process

A

Active

45
Q

Exhalation is a _______process

A

Passive

Emergency care 13th edition COPY (12 decks)

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