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Geo environmental science 154 > Chap 3 Matter and Minerals > Flashcards

Chap 3 Matter and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

5 Mineral Requirements:

A
  1. Naturally occurring
  2. Inorganic
  3. Solid
  4. Specific Chemical Composition
  5. Order atomic structure
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2
Q

Atomic
number

A

No. protons

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3
Q

Atomic
Mass

A

No. Protons + Neutrons

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4
Q

Anions

A

Negative charge

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5
Q

Cations

A

Positive charge

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

Same No. of Protons, Dif. No. of Neutrons

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7
Q

Valence
Electrons

A

No. of electrons in the outer shell

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8
Q

Ionic bond

A

Give away (<4 valence electrons) or
receive electrons (>4 valence
electrons)

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9
Q

Covalent
bond

A

Share electrons

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10
Q

Polymorphs

A

Two Dif. Minerals have the same
composition but dif. Crystal
structure.
E.g. Diamond and Graphite

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11
Q

Amorphous

A

A solid in which atoms are not
arranged in a definite crystal
structure
E.g. Quartz = Opal (Glass)

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12
Q

Solid
Solution
Series (type?)

A

Ionic substitution

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13
Q

Mineral Characteristics

A
  • Colour
  • Streak
  • Lustre
  • Cleavage
  • Fracture
  • Density
  • Habit
  • Double
    refraction
  • Magnetic
  • Radio Active
  • Twinning
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14
Q

Colour

A

Not very reliable because
Quartz occurs in dif. Colours and other minerals occur in
the same colour but are not the same

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15
Q

Streak

A

Colour of powder

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16
Q

Lustre

A

Metallic / Non-metallic?

17
Q

Hardness

A

Relative resistance to
scratching

18
Q

Cleavage

A

tendency to break in
preferred directions along
reflective planar surfaces

19
Q

Fracture

A

Minerals that lack cleavage
Quartz = conchoidal
fracture

20
Q

Density

A

Ration of mass to volume

21
Q

Habit

A

The characteristic shape of a crystal. I.e. needle

22
Q

Double
refraction

A

Doubles the image when
looking through the mineral
E.g. calcite

23
Q

Magnetic

A

E.g. Magnetite

24
Q

Radio Active

A

Uranite

25
Q

Twinning

A

Two or more inter-grown
crystals.
Often one of the most
diagnostic features

Geo environmental science 154 (15 decks)

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