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Exercise Phys- Ch. 5, 6 & 10 > Chap. 6- Fatigue > Flashcards

Chap. 6- Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

What is critical power?

A

The link between energy expenditure and fatigue

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2
Q

What factors affect critical power?

A

Overload, lack of oxygen, push to muscle failure, sleep hygiene, hydration, stress, nutrition.

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3
Q

What are 2 definitions of fatigue?

A
  1. Decrease in muscular performance with continued effort, sensations of tiredness (Working up to muscle failure)
  2. Inability to maintain power output to continue muscular work (Muscle failure)
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4
Q

How is fatigue reversed?

A

Rest

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5
Q

What complex(exercise) factors influence fatigue?

A
  1. Type of exercise and intensity
  2. Muscle fiber type
  3. Training status
  4. Diet
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6
Q

What are 4 CAUSES of fatigue? ***

A
  1. Inadequate metabolism
  2. Lactate threshold
  3. Failure of muscle contraction
  4. Altered neural control
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7
Q

What’s an example of failure of muscle contraction?

A

Cramp

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8
Q

What’s an example of altered neural control of muscle contraction?.

A

Flight, pass out

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9
Q

What helps defer Pcr Depletion?

A

Pacing

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10
Q

What can cause Pcr depletion?

A

Phosphate accumulations

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11
Q

What coincides with Pcr depletion?

A

Fatigue

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12
Q

True or False: Glycogen is depleted more quickly during the first few minutes of exercise.

A

True

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13
Q

What muscle fibers are lla?

A

Moderate Exercise Intensity

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14
Q

What muscle fibers are llx?

A

Maximum intensity exercise

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15
Q

What muscle fibers are recruited 1st?

A

Type I muscle fibers

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16
Q

What are two muscles that have different muscle depletion?

A

Gastric and Soleus

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17
Q

Two factors of activity specific muscles?

A

Depleted fast, used first and longest for task

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18
Q

True or False: Muscle glycogen is sufficient for prolonged exercise.

A

False- insufficient

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19
Q

Where is glycogen used from first?

A

Muscles

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20
Q

After muscle glycogenolysis where is it utilized from?

A

Liver

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21
Q

Muscle glycogen depletion + hypoglycemia=?

A

Fatigue

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22
Q

What does Pi stand for?

A

Inorganic Phosphate

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23
Q

Where does Pi (Inorganic Phosphate) get made from?

A

Rapid breakdown of Pcr and ATP

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24
Q

What is lactic acid a product of?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

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25
Q

What causes muscle acidosis?

A

H+ accumulation

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26
Q

What is acidosis?

A

Low muscle Ph

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27
Q

What accumulates during high intensity exercise?

A

Lactic Acid

28
Q

Process of lactic acid

A

Lactic acid accumulates then converts to lactate acid + H+, which lowers muscles Ph creating acidosis.

29
Q

What helps muscle Ph?

A

Buffers but not enough

30
Q

How does acidosis affect muscle?

A

Function

31
Q

What Ph level affects ATP synthesis?

A

< 6.9

32
Q
A
33
Q

What substances/ factors can help endurance and can change lactate threshold?

A

Caffeine, B-Vitamins (catalyst), Carb loading, Training

34
Q

What’s a negative effect of impaired mitochondrial function?

A

Issue with Recovery, Oxidative ATP Production

35
Q

How long does recovery take for a Sprinter?

A

25-30 min

36
Q

What issues occur with neural transmission failure?

A
  1. Delay or muscle failure
  2. No activity from NMJ
  3. Reduced ATP
37
Q

Why does neural transmission fail?

A
  1. Reduced ACH synthesis and release
  2. Increase muscle fiber stimulus threshold
  3. Altered resting membrane potential can change
38
Q

What can fatigue inhibit?

A

Ca+ release from SR

39
Q

What happens when Ca+ release is inhibited from SR?

A

Interrupts muscle contraction

40
Q

How does CNS play a role in fatigue?

A
  1. Stress of exercise may be too much
  2. Unwilling to endure more pain
  3. Discomfort of fatigue warning sign
  4. Learn proper pacing, tolerate fatigue
41
Q

Psychological aspect part of fatigue?

A
  1. Conscious decision to stop
  2. Self-talk to reduce fatigue
42
Q

What factors affect Neural Transmission?

A
  1. CNS
  2. Psychobiological aspect
  3. Heat
  4. Critical Power
  5. Muscle Soreness
43
Q

How does heat affect fatigue?

A
  1. Alters metabolic rate
  2. Increases carb utilization
  3. Speeds up glycogen depletion
  4. May impair muscle function
  5. Time to fatigue changes
44
Q

What is Critical Power?

A

Tolerable duration of high intensity exercise

45
Q

When does Critical Power increase?

A

With endurance and HIIT

46
Q

When does Critical Power decrease?

A

Age, Chronic disease, hypoxia, performance in events lasting 2-min to 2-hours.

47
Q

Why do muscles get sore?

A
  • Exhaustive
  • High intensity for the first time
  • Fatigue
  • Lactic Acid
  • Muscle Failure
  • Muscle tearing
  • Didn’t heat up properly
  • Eccentric
  • Overload
  • New exercises
  • Injury
  • Atrophy (had injury and try to workout again)
48
Q

DOMS time period

A

24-48 hours later

49
Q

Why do you get sore during or immediately after strenuous exercise or novel exercise?

A

-Tissue Edema
- Accumulation of metabolic by-product; changing the acidity

50
Q

What causes DOMS?

A
  • Eccentric contractions
  • Structural damage
  • Inflammation
51
Q

How does muscle damage (structural damage) occur -cellular level?

A
  • Increase in enzymes, through blood testing- X 10 times
  • Parallels DOMS
  • Z- dish damage after eccentric work ***
52
Q

What does muscle damage precede?

A

Hypertrophy, muscle increase

53
Q

What increases in the blood during inflammation?

A

White Blood Cell count

54
Q

Sequence of DOMs?- How edema occurs?

A
  • High intensity**
  • Structural damage**
  • Homeostasis of Ca+ is disturbed
  • Inhibits cellular respiration
  • Degrades Z-disk
  • Circulating Neutrophils
  • Pain free nerve endings, eccentric
  • Fluids and electrolytes- Edema
55
Q

DOMS and Performance: (LOSS)

A
  • LOSS of Force***
  • LOSS of Strength ***
  • LOSS of contractile proteins
56
Q

How to decrease DOMS?

A
  • Effective training
  • Minimize eccentric work early in training
  • Start low-intensity
  • High-intensity first, soreness first, less later
57
Q

What is EAMC?

A

Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps

58
Q

How does EAMC occur?

A
  • Overwork muscle
  • Lack of conditioning
  • Electrical stimulation
59
Q

How to reduce EAMC?

A
  • Stretching
  • Active recovery
  • Change excitatory property of motor neuron
60
Q

What is central origin of neuromuscular control?

A

Hyperexcitable motor neurons FROM ACTIVITY

61
Q

What is peripheral origin?

A

Spontaneous discharges of motor neurons- getting hit, or stopping awkwardly.

62
Q

Risk factors of cramping?

A
  • Hx of cramping
  • Age
  • Increased exercise intensity & duration
  • Lack of fitness
63
Q

What is lost during electrolyte depletion?

A
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
64
Q

How do you get heat cramps?

A
  • Loss of electrolytes- sodium and chloride
65
Q

Treatment of electrolyte depletion? ***

A
  • High sodium intake- pickle juice/electrolytes
  • Chloride

Exercise Phys- Ch. 5, 6 & 10 (7 decks)

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