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Physics > Chaper 2at > Flashcards

Chaper 2at Flashcards

1
Q

Energy

A

Quantity describing the ability to cause a physical change (scalar)

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2
Q

Internal energy

A

the total energy associated with the random motion of particles
and the interactions between the particles within a system

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3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

the energy associated with the motion of an object

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4
Q

Particle

A

Small discrete object

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5
Q

Potential energy

A

the energy associated with the position of an object in the presence of a force that could move the object

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6
Q

State of matter

A

the physical property of an object being either a solid, liquid, or a gas

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7
Q

System

A

a collection of interacting particles or objects

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8
Q

Temperature

A

a measure of the average translational kinetic energy of the particles in a system (scalar)

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9
Q

Thermal energy

A

the kinetic energy associated with the movement of microscopic particles

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10
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

the state of two (or more) systems having the same temperature so that there is no net flow of thermal energy from one system to the other

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11
Q

Calvin to celcius and celcius to kelvin

A

K = c +273.15
C= k-273.15

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12
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

A

All matter is made up of constant random and rapid motion. There is space between the particles

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13
Q

Explaining heat using kinetic theory

A

Heat is a form of energy
It is the measure of average translational kinetic energy of particles
Faster particles move= hotter
Joules is the unit of energy

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14
Q

Converting joules

A

1kj= 10^3j
1mj= 10^6j
1gj= 10^9 j

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15
Q

T info

A

It is temperature aka kinetic energy of particles in a substance
T is moving and colliding in liquids and gasses
T is jiggling in solids
Other movements don’t relate to t

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16
Q

Measuring and converting t

A

ABSOLUTE ZERO
- lowest t is when particles have zero kinetic energy (still)
- 0k is absolute zero no lower t is possible
- measured in celcius Fahrenheit or kelvin

17
Q

When does water freeze and boil

A

Freeze: 0 degrees celcius= 273.16k
Water boiled: 100 degrees celcius= 373.16k

18
Q

Change in k and c

A

Change is represented as a triangle
Change in k is equal to the change in c

19
Q

Kinetic theory of matter small or large particles

A

Small

20
Q

Properties of state of matter

A

Solid: close togethor with a regular pattern: vibrate about a fixed point and no overall movement: fixed volume and shape
Liquid: close togethor random arrangement: free to move around with random collisions: fixed volume but shape can change to fit container
Gas: far apart and random arrangement: free to move at high speeds w random collisions: volume and shape can change to fit a container

21
Q

How can we analyse internal energy

A

Consists of two types of energy:
Kinetic: due to random disordered motion
Potential: interactions between particles

22
Q

Kinetic energy

A

is the energy of motion. A car has greater kinetic energy when it is driving faster compared to when it is driving slower. Similarly, a system of particles has greater internal kinetic energy when the particles are moving faster compared to when they are moving slower.
Figure 2 The internal energy of a system
This kinetic energy can be further divided into categories according to the different types of motion of the particles:
• translational motion of particles,
• rotational motion of particles, and
• vibrational motion within the particles.

More kinetic energy= hotter and more expansions

23
Q

Fact

A

Size of 1c is the same as 1k meaning a change in one is the same amount in the otehr

24
Q

What happens if particle movement speed up

A

Temp increases

25
Q

What’s the otehr name for internal energy

A

Thermal

26
Q

Where does heat move from

A

Hotter object to cooler object

27
Q

More particles and larger volume means

A

More interaction and higher internal energy

28
Q

Does a basketballs speed effect it’s temperature

A

No as the atoms don’t increase disordered movement because of the external movement of the ball so average translational energy isn’t effected

29
Q

How does water go easier into a cup then ice

A

Macroscopic properties and molecular motion of water changes to allow and easy stream which doesn’t occur with ice

30
Q

Macroscopic and molecular meaning

A

Visible properties v relating to a molecule

31
Q

Volume

A

Physical quantity of amount in a 3d object

Physics (21 decks)

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