Chapter 1

Question 1

Emergent Property

Answer 1

Charactersitic of a brain as a whole. Cognititon is not just belonging to one individual neruon
Connection and interaction of neurons
Have to understand from individual neruons to large scale networks

Question 2

How do we study multiple levles of the brain

Answer 2

Individual - neurons
Connection - synapses
Network of neurons
Large scale regions- lobes hemis
Large scale networks -

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

Depend on input and outputs

Question 4

Tracers

Answer 4

Map connection of neurons. Invasive

Question 5

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Answer 5

Magnetic resonance ingmaigng (MRI) - sensitive to where water is diffused through the brain
Water travel better through white matter (axon in the brain)

Question 6

Correlation methods

Answer 6

Brain activity and behavior

Invasive- use microelectrodes into the brain to record invidual neurons or groups

Question 7

Functional connectivity

Answer 7

Correlates with a partiicular behavior, so we know some brain functoin

Question 8

Microelectrodes

Answer 8

Invasive
High emportal resolution
High spatial resolution

Question 9

Electrocorticography or Intracranial EEG

Answer 9

Eletrodes into humanbrain
High temperotal resolution
High spatical resolution
Invasive- seizures patients

Question 10

Electronencephalography

Answer 10

EEG
Not invasive
High temprotal resolution
Low spatial resolution on scalp

Question 11

Magnetoencephalography

Answer 11

Non-invaisve technique
High temproal resolution
Better spatical than EEG- magnetic fields are not disorted

Question 12

Positron emission tomography

Answer 12

Used radioactive labeled chemicals into body and mapping where they bind in the brain
Use of tracers
Bad temporal resolution
Better spatial than eeg or meg

Question 13

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 13

MRI
High contrast image of tissues from magnetic resonance properties
Cannot see actiivty/ function
Have to use fmri- tracks singals from oxygen in blood

Temporal better than pet
spatial

Question 14

Temporal vs spatial resolution best to worse

Answer 14

T: eeg meg, fmri, pet tmefp teams mean enough for plays
S: fmri, pet, meg, eeg sfpme single fellows provide meanless emotion

Question 15

Correlation not causation

Answer 15

Correlation does not mean its 100% needed or that specific activity is resulting in the function

Question 16

Lesion methods

Answer 16

Study of patients who have brain dmg,

Helps find causation

Question 17

Types of lesion methods

Answer 17

tramatic brain injuries
Tumors
Epilepsy
Strokes
Infections 
Degenrative diseases
Hypoxia

Question 18

Lesion studies caviates

Answer 18

Hard to find dmg specific region

Question 19

Stimulation method

Answer 19

Stimulate a region of the brain

Allows us to detemrine whether that activity area is important

Question 20

Transcranial magnetic stimuation / rTMS

Answer 20

Noninvasive
Brief magnetic pluse to a specific region of the brain on scalp
Reptitivie: used for reseach and therapy

Question 21

Transcranial direct current stimulation

Answer 21

Noninvasive

Mild eletrical currents onto scalp on brain

Question 22

Stmulation caveats

Answer 22

Not selective - Area can spread

Side effects