Chapter 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Emergent Property
Charactersitic of a brain as a whole. Cognititon is not just belonging to one individual neruon
Connection and interaction of neurons
Have to understand from individual neruons to large scale networks
How do we study multiple levles of the brain
Individual - neurons Connection - synapses Network of neurons Large scale regions- lobes hemis Large scale networks -
Neurons
Depend on input and outputs
Tracers
Map connection of neurons. Invasive
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Magnetic resonance ingmaigng (MRI) - sensitive to where water is diffused through the brain
Water travel better through white matter (axon in the brain)
Correlation methods
Brain activity and behavior
Invasive- use microelectrodes into the brain to record invidual neurons or groups
Functional connectivity
Correlates with a partiicular behavior, so we know some brain functoin
Microelectrodes
Invasive
High emportal resolution
High spatial resolution
Electrocorticography or Intracranial EEG
Eletrodes into humanbrain
High temperotal resolution
High spatical resolution
Invasive- seizures patients
Electronencephalography
EEG
Not invasive
High temprotal resolution
Low spatial resolution on scalp
Magnetoencephalography
Non-invaisve technique
High temproal resolution
Better spatical than EEG- magnetic fields are not disorted
Positron emission tomography
Used radioactive labeled chemicals into body and mapping where they bind in the brain
Use of tracers
Bad temporal resolution
Better spatial than eeg or meg
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
High contrast image of tissues from magnetic resonance properties
Cannot see actiivty/ function
Have to use fmri- tracks singals from oxygen in blood
Temporal better than pet
spatial
Temporal vs spatial resolution best to worse
T: eeg meg, fmri, pet tmefp teams mean enough for plays
S: fmri, pet, meg, eeg sfpme single fellows provide meanless emotion
Correlation not causation
Correlation does not mean its 100% needed or that specific activity is resulting in the function
Lesion methods
Study of patients who have brain dmg,
Helps find causation
Types of lesion methods
tramatic brain injuries Tumors Epilepsy Strokes Infections Degenrative diseases Hypoxia
Lesion studies caviates
Hard to find dmg specific region
Stimulation method
Stimulate a region of the brain
Allows us to detemrine whether that activity area is important
Transcranial magnetic stimuation / rTMS
Noninvasive
Brief magnetic pluse to a specific region of the brain on scalp
Reptitivie: used for reseach and therapy
Transcranial direct current stimulation
Noninvasive
Mild eletrical currents onto scalp on brain
Stmulation caveats
Not selective - Area can spread
Side effects
