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Physics (Midterms) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Concerned with the fundamental principles of the Universe.
  • Foundation of other physical sciences
  • Has simplicity of fundamental concepts
  • fundamental science
A

Physics

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2
Q
  • Mechanics and electromagnetism are basic to all other branches of classical and modern physics.
  • Developed before 1900
  • First part of text deals with Classical Mechanics
A

Classical Physics

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3
Q

Classical Mechanics is also called as

A

Newtonian Mechanics or Mechanics

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4
Q
  • Began near the end of the 19th century
  • Phenomena that could not be explained by classical physics
  • Includes theories of relativity and quantum mechanics
A

Modern Physics

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5
Q

6 major areas of modern physics

A

Classical Mechanics
Relativity
Thermodynamics
Electromagnetism
Optics
Quantum Mechanics

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6
Q

water (Physis in Ancient Greek)

A

Thales

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7
Q

Apeiron is the unlimited, indeterminate, and indefinite ground, origin, or primal principle of all matter

A

Anaximander

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8
Q

Most well known accomplishments in physics is his work in the field of bodies in motion. In the 1630s, he showed that all freely falling bodies have the same constant acceleration.
- Motion
- Astronomy
- Identify the stars of milky way, 4 moons
- Galileon moons
- Problem with his eyes/blindness caused by direct observation

A

Galileo Galilei

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9
Q

He established the three Laws of Motion as well as the Law of Universal Gravitation in 1687.
- Three laws of motion, universal gravitation
- Inventing - calculus
- Celestial mechanics
- Culminating the theory of gravity
Centrifugal force

A

Isaac Newton

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10
Q

He is known for his work in magnetism and electricity. In 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction and in 1839, he proposed that there is an underlying relationship between electricity and magnetism.
- Magnetism and electricity
- Electromagnetic induction
First electrical generator

A

Michael Faraday

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11
Q

He published his theory of electromagnetism, which showed that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field.

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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12
Q

He became the first physicist to produce and detect electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range that today we know as X-rays.
- Xray, unknown ray that’s why x
- First to produce and detect electromagnetic radiation

A

Wilhelm Rontgen

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13
Q

She aided in the discovery of radioactivity (which was found by investigating properties of X-rays) and introduced techniques for isolating isotopes. She and her husband Pierre Curie discovered the radioactive elements radium and polonium.
- Aided the discovery of radioactivity
- Isolating isotopes
Discovered radium and polonium

A

Marie Curie

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14
Q

He discovered the electron. It was the first subatomic particle ever discovered.
- Discovered electron, first subatomic particle discovered
- Mass spectrogram
- plum pudding

A

J.J Thomson

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15
Q

He is credited with the birth of quantum mechanics. In 1900, he proposed the idea of quanta, which are discrete pockets of energy emitted by light. He also set the value for the Planck constant, which is central in quantum mechanics.
- Idea of quanta
- Planck constant
- Revolutionized
Originator of quantum

A

Max Planck

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16
Q

Discrete pockets of energy emitted by light

A

Quanta or Photons

17
Q

He published a paper onspecial relativity, which states that the speed of light is always constant, and at the speed of light, time stands still and mass is infinite.
- Special relativity = speed of light is constant = time and change depending on who is observing it
- A limit that cannot be approached
- E = mc2
- General relativity - gravity and big bang theory blackhole
- Started quantum
- Described light as quanta in his theory of photoelectric effect

A

Albert Einstein

18
Q

He demonstrated that the nuclei of atoms house most of their masses. In 1920, he discovered the proton.
- Discovered alpha beta particles
- Gold foil experiment
- Discovered protons
Radioactive decay

A

Ernest Rutherford

19
Q

He is known for formulating the theory of atomic structure in 1913. He figured out that an atom has a nucleus at the centre with electrons orbiting around it. He also played a key role in the birth of quantum mechanics.
- Theory of atomic structure
- Energy levels of atoms are discrete
Theory for Hydrogen atom

A

Neils Bohr

20
Q

He is well known for his work on spin theory and quantum theory, as well as his discovery of the 1925 Pauli exclusion principle which is key to understanding properties of stars and nebulas.
- Spin theory and quantum theory, 1925 pauli exclusion principle - stars and nebula
- Two new numbers. No two electrons in an atom can have identical set of quantum numbers.

A

Wolfgang Pauli

21
Q

He came up with what is considered the central equation of quantum physics, which describes wave mechanics. In 1935, he came up with ‘Schrödinger’s Cat’, one of the most famous thought experiments in history.
- Wave mechanics, quantum physics
- Cat
- Wave equation
Formulating the wave equation, accurately calculated the energy of electrons in an atom

A

Erwin Schrodinger

22
Q

He predicted the existence ofantimatter, which are particles which have an equal but opposite electric charge to their counterparts, like the positron (or antielectron).
- Existence of antimatter, equal but opposite electric charge to their counterparts
- full

A

Paul Dirac

23
Q

He is best known for his 1927 uncertainty principle, which places fundamental limitations on the accuracy of experimental measurements in quantum mechanics.
- 1927 uncertainty principle - fundamental limitations on the accuracy of experimental measurements.
- Discovery of allotropic form of hydrogen
- Won a noble prize in physics because of theory of quantum mechanics
Associated with theory of quantum mechanics

A

Werner Heisenberg

24
Q

Played a key role in the development of quantum electrodynamics, the theory that describes how light and matter interact, earning him a Nobel prize in 1965.
- Electrodynamics
- 1965 noble prize - light and matter interact
- Feynman diagram or equation
- Invented a visual tool for simplifying particle equation

A

Richard Feynman

25
Q

introduced the idea that particles, such as electrons, could be described not only as particles but also as waves

A

Louis De Broglie

26
Q

First Constructed his own hidden variable

A

John Stewart Bell

27
Q

The earliest history of physics is interrelated with that of the other sciences.

A number of contributions were made during the period of Greek civilization, dating from Thales and the early Ionian natural philosophers in the Greek colonies of Asia Minor (6th and 5th cent. BC).

A

True and True

28
Q

Oil droplet

A

Robert Milikan

29
Q

Atomic number

A

Henry Mosley

30
Q

Divine intervention

A

Leucippus

31
Q

First atom

A

Democritus

Physics (Midterms) (6 decks)

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