Chapter 1

Question 1

name the four elements most abundant to earth

Answer 1

iron
oxygen
silicon
magnesium

Question 2

what is the name of the theory that explains formation of earth

Answer 2

planetesimal accretion theory
explains how the material that formed earth possibly aggregated together and shows how the core, geosphere and hydrosphere and atmosphere separated

Question 3

where is most of earths iron located
where is most of earths oxygen loacted

Answer 3

in the core
earths mantle

Question 4

sketch of geosphere

Answer 4

inner core
outer core
lower mantle
upper mantle

Question 5

why is inner core solid

Answer 5

the immense pressure generated by the rest of the overlying geosphere

Question 6

why is earth special in comparison to other planets

Answer 6

because it has land, oceans, and air present on its surface
geospher hydrosphere and atmosphere

Question 7

how are sesmic waves generated

Answer 7

by earthquakes and large artificial explosions

Question 8

what is a p wave

Answer 8

primary wave
are compressional seismic waves that can travel thru solids liquid and gases

Question 9

what is a s wave

Answer 9

secondary wave
are transverse seismic waves that inly travel thru solid material

Question 10

seisometers

Answer 10

measures and monitors sesmic waves

Question 11

name the two materials that make up the lithosphere

Answer 11

oceanic and continental crust
oceanic- badaltic material
continental- granite. and metamorphic and sedimentary rocks

Question 12

name three main groups of meteorites

Answer 12

stony iron
stony
iron

Question 13

evaluate the role of gravity in the planetesimal accretion theory

Answer 13

gravity attracted and concentrated of clumps of gas and dust. overtime the clumping generated asteroids and tiny planetesimals that were large enough to attract each other and collide

Question 14

3 things about the geosphere

Answer 14

geosphere composed of all the material below the solid surface of the earth, consists of the crust, mantle and core, contains almost all of mass on earth

Question 15

3 things about the atmosphere

Answer 15

is earths outer gas layer, contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, argon, water vapour is also common in the air near earths surface

Question 16

Three. Things about the hydrosphere.

Answer 16

hydrosphere includes all water that is present on earth, includes the water that is present in rivers, lakes, and oceans, etc , water is most important chemical compound because it is involved in many of us internal processes

Question 17

Name, the two most abundant elements present

Answer 17

earth-
core- iron
mantle-
crust-