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Physics > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between electromagnetic and mechanical waves (m)

A

electromagnetic waves as transverse waves travelling at the same speed, c, in a vacuum as distinct from mechanical waves that require a medium to propagate

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2
Q

Electromagnetic wave meaning

A

a wave that consists of perpendicular electric and magnetic field oscillations. Defined by oscillation of electric and magnetic fields. Common to refer to as light since visible light is an example.

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3
Q

Longitudinal wave meaning

A

a wave in which the oscillations are parallel to the direction of wave travel and energy transmission

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4
Q

Mechanical wave meaning

A

a wave which requires a material medium. Defined by oxidation of particles with a medium.

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5
Q

Medium meaning

A

a physical substance through which a wave propagates

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6
Q

Oscillate meaning

A

to move back and forth in a regular motion

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7
Q

Propagate meaning

A

the way in which a wave travels

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8
Q

Transverse wave meaning

A

a wave in which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel and energy transmission

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9
Q

Vacuum meaning

A

a region that does not contain matter

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10
Q

Wave meaning

A

the transmission of energy via oscillations from one location to another without
the net transfer of matter

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11
Q

What is the direction a wave travels defined by

A

The direction of energy transmission

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12
Q

About the oscillation that forms a wave

A

It can be perpendicular or parallel to the motion of the wave

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13
Q

Is energy or matter transferred by a wave

A

Energy

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14
Q

Net meaning

A

Overall

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15
Q

Crest v trough meaning

A

C: highest point of the wave
T: lowest point of the wave
(Multiple)

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16
Q

Matter meaning

A

Anything that can take up space and be weighed

17
Q

How are waves distinguished

A

By the direction of their oscillation to the direction of their movement

18
Q

Difference between transverse and longitudinal waves (movement of oscillation)

A

Perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. For a transverse wave travelling to the right, oscillations could occur in any perpendicular direction, such as up and down or into and out of the page, but not left and right
V

Parallel to the direction of wave propagation. For a longitudinal wave travelling to the right, the particles in the medium must oscillate left and right. Longitudinal waves are also commonly referred to as compression waves.

19
Q

Difference between transverse and longitudinal waves (common eg)

A

Waves in strings, electromagnetic waves and water waves
V
Sound waves, waves in springs, or the primary (p) wave in earthquakes

20
Q

Difference between transverse and longitudinal waves (key features)

A

Crest: point with max positive displacement (highest point)
Trough:point with max negative displacement (lowest point)
V

Compressions: the points on a wave where particles are most closely grouped together (under the most pressure).
Rarefactions: points where particles are most spread out (under the least pressure).

21
Q

Speed of light through a vacuum / electromagnetic waves

A

3.0 x 10^8 ms^-1

22
Q

Differences between electromagnetic and mechanical waves

A

E: Propagation of oscillation
of electric and magnetic field
Only traverse
Does not require a medium
Travel at c = 3.0 × 10 m s−1 through a vacuum
Also called light
Examples – visible light,
X-ray, microwaves, radiowaves and more

M:

Propagation of the oscillation of matter within a medium
Longitudinal or traverse
Requires a medium (cannot travel through a vacuum)
Examples – water waves, strings, ropes, earthquakes, sound waves and more

23
Q

Similarities between electromagnetic and mechanical waves

A

No net transfer of matter
Transmit energy

24
Q

How to differentiate waves

A

State direction of oscillation to direction of wave travel eg
Displacement Perpendicular to the direction of the wave

25
Q

Wavelength frequency period and speed formula

A

Wavelength= v /f = vT

V= speed/ velocity
F= frequency
T= period

26
Q

Frequency meaning

A

Amount of wave cycles completed in a unit of time

27
Q

Wavelength meaning

A

Distance between two crests or troughs (distance covered by one wave cycle)

28
Q

What is frequency entirely determined by

A

The wave source

Physics (21 decks)

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