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History Weimar Germany > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did the German revolution start?

A

The government had lost control of the country to strikers and rioters

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2
Q

When did the Kaiser abdicate? Why?

A

9th November 1918
He lost support of the people and the army

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3
Q

Where did Kaiser Wilhelm go?

A

He was exiled to holland

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4
Q

What party took control of the government?

A

The SPD

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5
Q

Who was the leader of the SPD?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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6
Q

What did SPD do to establish control quickly?

A

Made a deal with the army to help keep communism out of power

Suspended the old Reichstag

Formed the Council of People’s representatives

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7
Q

What happened on the 11th November 1918

A

Armistice

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8
Q

Who became the first president?

A

Ebert

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9
Q

What happened in January 1919?

A

The Council of People’s Representatives organized elections to create a new parliament

Germany was now a democracy

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10
Q

What was the Council of People’s Representatives?

A

A temporary national government

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11
Q

What is a coalition?

A

When a government is made up of different political parties

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12
Q

Who was the chancellor the head of?

A

The government

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13
Q

What were ministers in charge of?

A

Army and finances

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14
Q

What were the two houses called?

A

Reichstag and Reichsrat

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15
Q

What were the strengths of the Weimar Republic?

A

Democratic

Voting age 21

Proportional representation

Stops too much power

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16
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Weimar Republic?

A

Proportional representation

Coalitions

Lack of strong policies

Weak in a crisis

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17
Q

When could the chancellor pass laws?

A

When the Reichstag and Reichsrat votes it

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18
Q

What was article 48?

A

It allowed the chancellor to bypass democracy during times of crisis and go straight to the president

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19
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

The proportion of seats a party wins in parliament is roughly the same as the proportion of the total votes they won.

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20
Q

What is a diktat?

A

Dictated peace

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21
Q

What does dolchstoss mean?

A

The stab in the back

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22
Q

Why did some people feel betrayed by the signing of the treaty of Versailles?

A

They didn’t believe they had lost the war

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23
Q

Who were the Freikorps?

A

A paramilitary group of ex-soldiers from WW1

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24
Q

What was the KPD?
When was it set up?

A

The German Communist Party
December 1918

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25
Q

Why was the KPD well funded?

A

It was backed by the communist Soviet Union

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26
Q

Who were communists supported by?

A

The Spartacist League
An extreme left wing group

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27
Q

What did Ebert do on the 4th January 1919?

A

Sacked the police chief in Berlin

28
Q

What did this lead to?

A

As he was popular with the communists the Spartacists saw this as an opportunity to attack the government.
They called for an uprising and a strike in Berlin

29
Q

What happened on the 6th January 1919?

A

Over 100,000 workers took to the streets.

30
Q

How did Ebert stop the revolt?

A

He sent in the Freikorps

The Spartacists were no match for the Freikorps

31
Q

When did the revolt end?

A

13th January 1919

32
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

A right wing revolt

33
Q

Why did the Freikorps turn agains the government?

A

Ebert decided to send home some Freikorps units to make them less powerful.

34
Q

What did the Freikorps do?

A

5000 Freikorps rebels took control of Berlin. The Weimar Government fled the city.

35
Q

Who did the rebels put in control of the city?
What did he do?

A

Wolfgang Kapp (right wing politician)
Invited Kaiser to return to Germany to rule

36
Q

What did this cause?

A

The workers didn’t want the Kaiser back so they went on strike

37
Q

What did Kapp do?

A

He realized that he couldn’t govern the city so ran away.
The Kapp Putsch had failed

38
Q

What did Germany fail to do in December 1923?

A

Send coal as payment to France from the Ruhr

39
Q

What did France do in retaliation?

A

Sent troops to the Ruhr and confiscated raw materials, manufactured goods and machinery

40
Q

How did German workers in the Ruhr respond?

A

Went on strike and sabotaged machines

41
Q

How was the invasion of the Ruhr ended?

A

Stress man and the Allie’s agreed to the Dawes Plan

42
Q

Why did prices in Germany rise?

A

Shortage of goods

43
Q

What did they do to solve this?

A

Print more money

44
Q

Did this help?

A

Yes at first

45
Q

What did it eventually lead to?

A

Hyperinflation

46
Q

Who benefitted from hyperinflation?

A

People in debt

47
Q

What impact did hyperinflation have on the Weimar Republic?

A

Seen as weak, unstable, blamed for suffering, middle parties started to lose support.

48
Q

Who gained strength from hyperinflation?

A

Extremist parties

49
Q

What was the name of the new currency?

A

Reichsmark

50
Q

Who controlled the new currency?

A

Reich Bank

51
Q

When was the Dawes plan?

A

1924

52
Q

What were the terms of the Dawes Plan?

A

Reparations reduced to $50 million a year
US banks gave loans to Germany

53
Q

When was the Young plan?

A

1929

54
Q

What were the terms of the Young Plan?

A

Reparations reduced to $2 billion
Given an additional 59 years to pay

55
Q

When was the Locarno Pact?

A

1925

56
Q

What were the terms of the Locarno Pact?

A

A treaty where Germany were included in negotiations to create new borders with France

57
Q

When did Germany join the League of Nations?

A

1926

58
Q

What were the terms of the League of Nations?

A

Germany accepted and included in decision making.

59
Q

When was the Kellog-Briand pact?

A

1928

60
Q

What were the terms of the Kellog-Briand pact?

A

Agreed not to use war to achieve aims
Signed by 61 other countries

61
Q

Was Stresemann successful?

A

Yes

62
Q

When we’re the Golden years?

A

1924-1929

63
Q

How did culture change? (Art/film)

A

Art commented on problems in German society
Style of work was called expressionism
Films became popular
Films challenged traditional film

64
Q

How did culture change? (Architecture)

A

Bauhaus school set up in 1919
Ideas challenged traditional styles

65
Q

How did people feel about these changes?

A

Not everyone agreed.

Some criticized Weimar Republic.

Left wing parties (KPD) said art funding was a waste when working people needed help

Right wing parties (Nazis) said changes went against traditional German culture

66
Q

What parts of life improved during the golden years?

A

Unemployment
Work
Housing
Education and war

67
Q

How did women feel about the changes for them?

A

Some enjoyed new opportunities and freedom

Some were scared by the idea they should change

History Weimar Germany (5 decks)

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