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HSCI 331 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Public health

A

The science of preventing disease and promoting health

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2
Q

Health disparities

A

Health differences among different groups of people that are related to social, economic, and environmental disadvantage.

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3
Q

Communicable diseases

A

Diseases that can be spread from person to person

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4
Q

Non-communicable diseases

A

Noncontagious diseases such as diabetes

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5
Q

Health behaviors

A

Health-enhancing (exercise) and health-damaging (smoking)

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6
Q

Health

A

Factors such as economic, social, political, and physical that add up to good health, high quality lives for people and communities

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7
Q

Health promotion

A

Any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living to the health of people and groups

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8
Q

Health education

A

Any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence based practices or theories that provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors

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9
Q

What is the purpose and goals of health education?

A

Promote healthy behaviors
Influence to make healthier choices

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10
Q

Public health model

A

Focuses on prevention, population and community

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11
Q

Medical model

A

Focuses on cures and individuals

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12
Q

What is the upstream approach?

A

Finding the root of diseases and determining prevention strategies

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13
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events (including disease) and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems

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14
Q

How is epidemiology useful?

A

Identifies patterns and helps us understand why some diseases occur more often in other environments

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15
Q

What is morbidity?

A

The state of being unhealthy because of a health condition or disease

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16
Q

What is mortality?

A

Number of deaths occurred

17
Q

How is health and heath status measured?

A

By taking health surveys (National Health Interview Survey NHIS is one of the many surveys used to gain data on the health and health behaviors of people)

18
Q

Rates

A

A measure in which an event occurs in a population over a specified period of time

19
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases

20
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of existing cases

21
Q

Epidemic

A

A large number of cases of an illness or health related behavior in a population

22
Q

Endemic

A

Occurs regularly in a population

23
Q

Pandemic

A

An outbreak over a wide geographic area without specific geographic boundaries

24
Q

What are the levels of prevention?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

25
Q

Primary

A

Preventing disease, illness or injury

26
Q

Secondary

A

Detecting diseases and illnesses in an early stage

27
Q

Tertiary

A

Treating individuals when disease or illness occurred already

28
Q

Determinants of health

A

Genetics such as sex and age
individual behaviors such as diet and substance abuse
Social circumstances such as housing and education
Environmental and physical inferences such as clean water and home
Health services such as quality health care and health insurance

29
Q

Risk reduction

A

Avoiding or reducing the likelihood of being exposed to diseases or disasters

30
Q

Chain of infection

A

A model that explains how communicable diseases spread from person to person

31
Q

Communicable disease model

A

Host: any susceptible organism that can be invaded such as humans or plants
Agent: spreads the disease
Environment: all other factors can stop or spread diseases

32
Q

Multi-causation model

A

Diseases that are caused by combined factors over a period of time

33
Q

What are the 5 main principles that underlie the practice of health education and promotion?

A

Participation
Empowerment
Cultural competency
Socio-ecological approach
Advocacy

34
Q

Participation

A

Involvement in the community

35
Q

Empowerment

A

Gaining control over your own life

36
Q

Cultural competency

A

Learning about different cultures and respecting all cultures

37
Q

Socio-ecological approach

A

Behaviors shaped by different influences

38
Q

Advocacy

A

Strategies used to influence public opinion connected to health

HSCI 331 (9 decks)

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