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Rad 103 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

INTRO TO RADIOGRAPHY

1
Q

Who discovered X-Rays & when?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen, 11/8/1895

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2
Q

First device that produced Xrays

A

Crookes Tube

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3
Q

HC Snook

A

Developed transformers that provided electricity for x rays

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4
Q

Michael Idvorsky

A

demonstrated radiographic use of fluorescent screens now called intensifying screens

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5
Q

William Coolidge

A

Designed the hot cathode

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6
Q

Thomas Edison

A

developed first fluroscope in 1898

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7
Q

Charles Day

A

Edison’s assistant, first xray exposure fatality in 1904

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8
Q

George Eastman

A

Invented xray film base in 1914

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9
Q

Who produced the first anatomic radiograph and what

A

Roentgen, his wifes hand

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10
Q

When and what was the first med use of xrays in the US

A

Feb, 1896. A boy’s fractured wrist

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11
Q

Assistants skilled in xray

A

Xray Technicians

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12
Q

Xrays were discovered where

A

Germany

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13
Q

Xray education programs are based in

A

colleges

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14
Q

Radiography Science Procedure

There are many kinds, placement is based on thickness.

A

Xray Photons pass through the patient based on tissue types.
The Xray photons that exit the patient strike the IR to create the latent image
The manifest image is obtained depending on the type or IR

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15
Q

4 Basic requirements for xray production

A
  1. Vacuum
  2. Electron Source
  3. A target for electrons
  4. A high potential difference between electron source and target
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16
Q

Photon

A

Smallest unit of EM energy

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17
Q

Sine Waves

A

Repeat sinusoidal waveforms created by changes in the electromagnetic field.

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18
Q

Quanta

A

bundles of photons

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19
Q

Velocity

A

frequency X wavelength

x-rays travel at the speed of light

3 x 10^8 m/s. Represented by “c”

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20
Q

Characteristics of Radiation

A
  • Travels in straight lines at speed of light
  • Affects photographic emulsions
  • Affects biological tissues
  • Cannot be focused or refracted
  • Cannot be detected by human senses
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21
Q

Primary X-Ray Beam Consists

A
  • Focal Spot
  • Primary x-ray beam
  • Radiation field
  • Central ray
  • Collimator
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22
Q

Scatter Radiation

A

Created when a portion of an x-ray photon’s energy is absorbed. Travels in all directions. Has less energy then primary beam

Primary source of occupational exposure

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23
Q

Cathode

A

Negative electrode. The negative side of the x-ray tube which consists of the focusing cup and the filament

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24
Q

Anode

A

the electrode in which oxidation occurs, the electrically positive target end of an xray tube

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25
Q

Amplitude

A

with respect of a sine wave, the distance between peak and trough

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26
Q

Attenuation

A

the process of reduction of xray beam intesity when it penetrates matter

27
Q

Collimator

A

Attatched to the tube housing. Controls the size of radiation field

28
Q

Electromagnetic energy definition

A

pertaining energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

29
Q

Electron Stream

A

the flor of negatively charged particles across an xray tube

30
Q

Filament

A

the source of electrons found at the electrically negative cathode end of the x-ray tube

31
Q

Fluoresce

A

to produce light

32
Q

Fluoroscope

A

a device used to produce a radiographic image on a fluorescent screen or cathode ray tube monitor for visul examination of internal structures in motion in real time

33
Q

Focal Spot

A

where the electron stream strikes the target and x-rays are produced

34
Q

Frequency

A

with respect to a sine wave the number of times per second that a wave crest passes a given point

35
Q

Grids and Buckys

A

reduce the effect of scatter radiation on images

36
Q

Grid Cap

A

A grid mounted in a frame that can be attached to the front of an IR for mobile radiography and other special applications

37
Q

Image intensifier

A

produce fluoroscopic image with low radiation exposure

38
Q

Image Receptor

A

Any device that captures a radiographic image.

39
Q

Latent Image

A

unobservable image stored in photostimulable phosphors

40
Q

Photostimulable phosphor

A

store the energy x-ray beam and release it as light

41
Q

Remnant radiation

A

What remains of the primary beam after it as been attenuated by matter. Travel pattern is continuation of the primary beam. Pattern is inherent

42
Q

Space Charge

A

Cloud of electrons before an exposure. forms electron stream during an exposure

43
Q

Target

A

electrons travel and is where x-rays are generated

44
Q

Trendelenburg Position

A

A supine position in which the patient head is lower than the feet

45
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between a given point on one wave cycle and the corresponding point on the next successive wave

46
Q

X-Ray Tube Housing

A

Protective covering around the x-ray tube

47
Q

X-Ray Tube Support

A

Provides support and mobility for the tube. (2 Types Ceiling & Floor)

48
Q

Radiographic Table

A

Supports the patient. Moveable IR tray with grid located under top

49
Q

Upright Image Receptor Unit

A

A device that holds the IR and/or bucky in a vertical position

50
Q

Transformer

A

Provides the high volatage for xrays

51
Q

Control Console

A

Located in control booth, sets exposure factors and activates exposure. Controls on/off

52
Q

Fluroscopic Equipment

A

Provides dynamic anatomical images
Allows radiologist to view and record images at the same time
Allows images to be viewed in ambient light

53
Q

X-rays were discovered in

A

Germany

54
Q

The inventor of the hot cathode x-ray tube

A

Coolidge

55
Q

The majority of radiography education programs were based in

A

colleges

56
Q

A cassette containing a photostimulable phosphor plate is one form of

A

Image receptor

57
Q

Which of the following is not a basic requirement for the production of c-rays

A

phtostimulable phosphor

58
Q

when fast moving electrons collide with the target of an x-ray tube the kinetic energy of their motion is converted into x-rays and

A

heat

59
Q

of the following types of electromagnetic energy which has the shortest wavelength

A

gamma rays

60
Q

which of the following is not an accurate statement regarding the characteristics of xrays

A

they can be refracted by a lens

61
Q

the characteristic most often used to describe the energy of an xray beam is

A

wavelength

62
Q

an xray attenuated by matter is called

A

remnant radiation

63
Q

a device used to indicate the location of the radiation field and to control its size is called

A

collimator

64
Q

an xray machine that permits viewing of the x-ray image in motion in real time is called a

A

fluoroscope

Rad 103 (3 decks)

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