Chapter 1&2

Question 1

Accommodation

Answer 1

Changing existing schemes to incorporate new information

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

Incorporating information into already existing schemes

Question 3

Balanced comprehensive approach (BCA)

Answer 3

This perspective on literacy instruction emerged as a result of the whole language versus phonics discussion

Question 4

Behaviorist learning perspective

Answer 4

A learning theory in which adult provide a model and children learn through imitation encouraged by positive reinforcement

Question 5

constructivist perspective

Answer 5

views learning as an active process by which children construct knowledge by problem solving, guessing, and approximating

Question 6

Emergent literacy

Answer 6

refers to a child’s early unconventional attempts at reading, writing, and listening

Question 7

Explicit instruction

Answer 7

A teacher-directed strategy with emphasis on teaching a task and the specific steps needed to master it

Question 8

Integrated language arts

Answer 8

An approach to literacy instruction that links reading, writing, listening, and language skills

Question 9

Policy

Answer 9

Varied by state and had little to no accountability

Question 10

Reading readiness

Answer 10

Various skills considered prerequisite in learning to read, such as auditory discrimination, visual discrimination, and motor skills

Question 11

Research

Answer 11

The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

Question 12

Scaffolding

Answer 12

A strategy in which tracing provide children with modeling and support to help then require a skill

Question 13

Schematic

Answer 13

A mental structure in which a person stores information he or she knows

Question 14

Theory

Answer 14

A system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles

Question 15

Whole-language instruction

Answer 15

Similar to emergent literacy but considers children who are not reading conventionally

Question 16

Anecdotal observation forms

Answer 16

Prepared form or teacher-made forms used for observing and recording children’s behavior

Question 17

Authentic assessment

Answer 17

Assessment based on activities that represent and reflect the actual learning and instruction in the classroom

Question 18

High-stakes assessment

Answer 18

Standardized measures whose scores might determine major decisions about school districts, such as ratings of districts and promotion or retention decisions

Question 19

Informal reading inventories

Answer 19

Informal tests to determine a child’s independent, instructional, and frustration level of reading

Question 20

Portfolio assessment

Answer 20

Measuring students progress looking at samples of past work

Question 21

Running records

Answer 21

Close observation or recording oral reading

Question 22

Standards

Answer 22

Achievements that are defined at the state or national level that should be hit by the end of each grade

Question 23

Standardized tests

Answer 23

Prepared by publishers and are norm referenced; they are administered to large numbers of students

Question 24

Child-centered curriculum (progressive education)

Answer 24

An approach to education focusing on the need of the students, rather then those of other involved in the educational process