Chapter 1&2 Lecture

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

“Partial Hydrogen” Scale used to measure acidity and base. The pH value of a solution indicates its concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 2

pH

Answer 2

“Partial Hydrogen” Scale used to measure acidity and base. The pH value of a solution indicates its concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 3

acid

Answer 3

Substance that donates H+(hydrogen ion) when dissolved in water.
Any substance that dissociates in water to increase the (H+) hydrogen ion concentration and thus lowers pH.

Question 4

base

Answer 4

Substance that accepts H+(hydrogen ion) when dissolved in water; OH-(hydroxide) forms directly or indirectly afterward.
Any substance that dissociates in water to absorb and therefore decreases the hydrogen ion concentration thus rising the pH.

Question 5

protons

Answer 5

(P+) positively charged particle of the atomic nucleus. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, which is the atomic number. A proton without an electron zipping around it is hydrogen ion(H+).

Question 6

protons

Answer 6

(

Question 7

acid

Answer 7

Substance that donates H+(hydrogen ion) when dissolved in water.
Any substance that dissociates in water to increase the (H+) hydrogen ion concentration and thus lowers pH.

Question 8

base

Answer 8

Substance that accepts H+(hydrogen ion) when dissolved in water; OH-(hydroxide) forms directly or indirectly afterward.
Any substance that dissociates in water to absorb and therefore decreases the hydrogen ion concentration thus rising the pH.

Question 9

buffer

Answer 9

a substance that resists changes in the pH. Buffers act by releasing hydrogen ions when acid is added, with the overall effect of keeping [H+] relatively consistent.

Question 10

protons

Answer 10

(

Question 11

neutrons

Answer 11

Uncharged particles of the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen. For a given element, the mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 12

electrons (e-)

Answer 12

Negatively charged particles that can occupy a volume of space (orbital) around an atomic nucleus. All atoms of an element have the same number of electron’s. Electrons can be shared or transferred among atoms.

Question 13

isotopes

Answer 13

one of two more forms of atoms of an element that differ in their number of neutrons.

Question 14

ion

Answer 14

atom that has gained or lost on or more electrons thus becoming positively or negatively charged

Question 15

atomic mass

Answer 15

is equal to the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons

Question 16

element

Answer 16

fundamental form of matter that occupies space has mass, and cannot be broken apart into different forms of matter by ordinary physical or chemical means

Question 17

atom

Answer 17

smallest unit of an element that still retains the characteristic properties of that element

Question 18

molecule

Answer 18

unit of matter in which two or more atoms of the same element, or different ones, are bonded together

Question 19

compound

Answer 19

molecule composed of two or more different elements in unvarying proportions. water is an example

Question 20

mixture (solution)

Answer 20

intermingling of two or more elements in proportions that can and usually do vary

Question 21

radioisotope

Answer 21

unstable isotope, having an unbalanced number of protons and neutrons, that emits particles of energy

Question 22

solute

Answer 22

any molecule or ion dissolved in same solvent

Question 23

hydrophilic substance

Answer 23

polar molecule or molecular region that can readily dissolve in water

Question 24

hydrophobic substance

Answer 24

non-polar molecule or molecular region that strongly resists dissolving in water.

Question 25

The Cellular Level

Answer 25

atoms
molecules
macromolecule
organelles
cells

Question 26

The Organismal Level

Answer 26

tissues
organs
organ systems

Question 27

The population Level

Answer 27

population
species
community
ecosystem
biosphere