Chapter 1

Question 1

stemplot

Answer 1

give a quick picture of the shape of a distribution, while including the actual values.

Question 2

cluster

Answer 2

one or more groups of observations in a stemplot

Question 3

histogram

Answer 3

a graph of a frequency distribution in which rectangles with bases on the horizontal axis are given widths equal to the class intervals and heights equal to the corresponding frequencies.

Question 4

frequency

Answer 4

the number of individuals in each class

Question 5

class

Answer 5

a range of possible individual values, created to group frequencies in a distribution or histogram.

Question 6

frequency table

Answer 6

a list of all classes and observations of a given sample

Question 7

modes

Answer 7

the most common frequencies in a distribution, identified by a peak in the display of a frequency distribution

Question 8

unimodal

Answer 8

a distribution with only one major peak

Question 9

symmetric

Answer 9

the values in a distribution smaller and larger than the mode are mirror images

Question 10

right skewed

Answer 10

distributions with more values greater than the mode than less then (right -tailed)

Question 11

left skewed

Answer 11

distributions with more values less than the mode than greater than (left-tailed)

Question 12

outlier

Answer 12

an individual value that falls outside the overall pattern

Question 13

relative frequency

Answer 13

gives the ratio of the frequency of a given individual or class to the total sample size

Question 14

mean

Answer 14

A measurement of center; the average value of a data set - the balance point. Found by summing the individual values and dividing by the sample size

Question 15

median

Answer 15

A measurement of center; the middle value of a data set. Found by ordering the individual value least to greatest.

Question 16

quartile

Answer 16

one of the values of a variable that divides the distribution of the variable into four groups having equal frequencies.

Question 17

range

Answer 17

A measurement of spread found by taking the difference between the largest and smallest observations.

Question 18

pth percentile

Answer 18

the value such that p percent of the observation fall at or below it

Question 19

Five Number Summary

Answer 19

The Minimum, First Quartile, Median, Third Quartile and Maximum values of a data set

Question 20

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Answer 20

the distance between the first and third quartiles (the range of the center half of the data)

Question 21

deviation

Answer 21

the distance between an observation and the sample mean

Question 22

standard deviation

Answer 22

the square root of the variance; has the same unit as the sample observations

Question 23

variance

Answer 23

the average of the squares of the deviations of the observations from their mean

Question 24

degrees of freedom

Answer 24

statistically independent values of a sample (used to determine a property of the sample)

Question 25

linear transformation

Answer 25

changes the original variable x into the new variable x(new) by adding a constant and/or multiplying by a positive constant. x(new) = a + bx