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AP Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I-Knew-It-All-Along Phenomenon

A

Hindsight Bias

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2
Q

We tend to think we know more than we do

A

Overconfidence

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3
Q

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments/conclusions; smart thinking

A

Critical Thinking

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4
Q

In which psychologists make observations, form theories, and then refine their theories in the light of new observations

A

Scientific Method

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5
Q

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

A

Theory

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6
Q

Testable Predictions

A

Hypothesis

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7
Q

A statement of procedures used to define research variables

A

Operational Definitions

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8
Q

Repeating the essence of the study with other situations to see whether findings extend to other circumstances

A

Replicate

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9
Q

Where one person is studies in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

A

Case Study

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10
Q

Technique for ascertaining self reported attitude or behavior of people

A

Survey

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11
Q

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

A

False Consensus Effect

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12
Q

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

A

Population

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13
Q

Fairly represents a population because every person has an equal chance of inclusion

A

Random Sample

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14
Q

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations

A

Naturalistic Observations

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15
Q

Extent to which two factors vary together and how well either factor predicts the other

A

Correlation

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16
Q

Graphed cluster of dots representing the values of two variables

A

Scatterplots

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17
Q

The perception of a relationship where none exists

A

Illusory Correlation

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18
Q

research method where an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect

A

experiment

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19
Q

Experiment where staff and participant are blind to whether participant receives treatment or a placebo

A

Double-blind Procedure

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20
Q

Experimental results caused by expectations alone

A

Placebo Effect

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21
Q

The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment

A

Experimental Condition

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22
Q

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition

A

Control Condition

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23
Q

Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance

A

Random Assignment

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24
Q

the experimental factor that is manipulated, variable whose affect is being studies

A

Independent Variable

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25
Q

the outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to independent variables

A

Dependent Variable

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26
Q

The most frequently occurring score

A

Mode

27
Q

The average of a set of scores

A

Mean

28
Q

The middle scores in a distribution

A

Median

29
Q

Difference between highest and lowest scores

A

Range

30
Q

measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

A

Standard Deviation

31
Q

How likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

A

Statistical Significance

32
Q

the enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

A

Culture

33
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I-Knew-It-All-Along-Phenomenom)

34
Q

Overconfidence

A

We tend to think we know more that we do

35
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments/conclusions; smart thinking

36
Q

Scientific Method

A

In which psychologists make observations, form theories, and then refine their theories in the light of new observations

37
Q

Theory

A

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

38
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable Predictions

39
Q

Operational Definitions

A

A statement of procedures used to define research variables

40
Q

Replicate

A

Repeating the essence of the study with other situations to see whether findings extend to other circumstances

41
Q

Case Study

A

Where one person is studies in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

42
Q

Survey

A

Technique for ascertaining self reported attitude or behavior of people

43
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

44
Q

Population

A

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

45
Q

Random Sample

A

Fairly represents a population because every person has an equal chance of inclusion

46
Q

Naturalistic Observations

A

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations

47
Q

Correlation

A

Extent to which two factors vary together and how well either factor predicts the other

48
Q

Scatterplots

A

Graphed cluster of dots representing the values of two variables

49
Q

Illusory Correlation the perception of relationship where none exists

A

the perception of relationship where none exists

50
Q

Experiment

A

research method where an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect

51
Q

Double-blind procedure

A

Experiment where staff and participant are blind to whether participant receives treatment or a placebo

52
Q

Experimental Condition

A

The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment

53
Q

Control Condition

A

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition

54
Q

Random Assignment

A

Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance

55
Q

Independent Variable

A

the experimental factor that is manipulated, variable whose affect is being studies

56
Q

Dependent Variable

A

the outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to independent variables

57
Q

Mode

A

the most frequently occurring score

58
Q

Mean

A

the average of a set of scores

59
Q

Median

A

the middle scores in a distribution

60
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest scores

61
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

62
Q

Statistical Significance

A

How likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

63
Q

Culture

A

the enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

AP Psychology (2 decks)

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