Chapter 1

Question 1

sustainability

Answer 1

ability of ecosystems and cultures to adapt and survive in constantly changing environments

Question 2

environment

Answer 2

everything surrounding us, living or not

Question 3

ecology

Answer 3

the science that studies how living things interact with one another and their environment

Question 4

species

Answer 4

group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics. can only produce fertile offspring with each other.

Question 5

ecosystem

Answer 5

a set of organisms within a defined area of land or water that interact with one another and environment, interactions between parts of an environment

Question 6

environmentalism

Answer 6

social movement dedicated to sustaining the earths life- support system

Question 7

3 goals of environmental science

Answer 7

1. learn how life on earth has survived and thrived
2. understand hoe we interact with the environment
3. find ways to deal with environmental problems and live more sustainably

Question 8

1st principle of sustainability

Answer 8

1. dependence on solar energy: the sun warms the planet, provides energy to plants, indirect forms of energy

Question 9

2nd principle of sustainability

Answer 9

Biodiversity: interactions between species provide ecosystem services and keeps populations in check, provide ways for life to adapt to changes

Question 10

3rd principle of biodiversity

Answer 10

Chemical cycling: circulation of chemicals necessary for life from the environment, through organisms back to environment

Question 11

biodiversity

Answer 11

the variety of genes, organisms, species, and environments that exist and interact

Question 12

key components of sustainability

Answer 12

natural capital
natural resources
ecosystem services

Question 13

natural capital

Answer 13

the natural resources and ecosystem services that keep species alive and support human economies

Question 14

3 social science principles of sustainability

Answer 14

• full cost pricing (including harmful environmental effects in prices)
• win-win solutions
• responsibility to future generations

Question 15

sustainable yield

Answer 15

the amount of a resource that can be used without reducing the supply

Question 16

more-developed vs less-developed countries

Answer 16

more developed countries are industrialized and have 17% of world pop. Less developed countries are low income and unindustrialized

Question 17

ecological footprint

Answer 17

the amount of land and water needed to supply a population with renewable resources and to absorb and recycle wastes and pollution

Question 18

types of pollution

Answer 18

chemical, noise, heat, garbage

Question 19

point source pollution

Answer 19

single, identifiable sources

Question 20

non point sources

Answer 20

dispersed and difficult to identify

Question 21

pollution cleanup

Answer 21

cleaning up or diluting pollutants after producing them

Question 22

pollution prevention

Answer 22

focused on reducing or eliminating production of pollutants

Question 23

tragedy of the commons

Answer 23

first used by Garrett Hardin- degradation of shared resources

Question 24

5 basic problems for environmental problems

Answer 24

population growth, unsustainable resource use, poverty, excluding environmental costs from market prices, increasing isolation from nature

Question 25

how does poverty contribute to environmental issues?

Answer 25

• individuals are looking to survive day by day, so are more likely to degrade resources because time isn’t a luxury
• severe health effects
• polluted drinking water

Question 26

nature deficit disorder

Answer 26

the issue that people are spending less and less time in nature

Question 27

human centered environmental worldview

Answer 27

sees natural world primarily as support system for human life

Question 28

life centered environmental worldview

Answer 28

all species have value as participating members of biosphere

Question 29

earth centered environmental worldview

Answer 29

we are part of and dependent on nature and that earth’s life support system exists for all species

Question 30

hallmarks of an environmentally sustainable society

Answer 30

meets resource demands in a fair way that leaves the way paved for future generations to do it as well
-living on natural income