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Geology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about the mineral muscovite?

A

it has one direction of perfect cleavage

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2
Q

Which two data sets led to the idea of sea floor spreading?

A

age of the ocean floor

shape of the ocean floor

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3
Q

One of the most common minerals that is a non-silicate is…….

A

calcite

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4
Q

What volcanic hazard kills the least number of people?

A

lava flows

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5
Q

What is volcanic ash?

A

tiny grains of volcanic glass from magma sprayed into the air by gas pressure

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6
Q

When and how did scientists figure out the theory of plate tectonics?

A

In the 1960’s discoveries on the ocean floor convinced the community

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7
Q

The largest magnitude 9 earthquakes occur on this type of plate boundary?

A

subduction zones

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8
Q

What would NOT be a driving force of plate tectonics?

A

earth’s rotation

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9
Q

What missing from the Earth’s early atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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10
Q

All common igneous rocks contain which two elements?

A

Oxygen and Silicon

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11
Q

Which of the following planets does not fit with the rest based on its composition?

A

Jupiter

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12
Q

What is ALWAYS directly related with a subduction zone?

A

ocean crust
earthquakes
volcanoes

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13
Q

The closest super volcano to San Diego is in……..

A

Northern California

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14
Q

IN the Cascades of the Pacific Northwest of America, volcanoes like Mount Saint Helens are related to

A

a subduction zone

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15
Q

All global tectonic plates move at the same rate of about 5 centimeters per year?

A

False

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16
Q

Choose the two minerals that are common IN continental crust and NOT IN ocean crust?

A

orthoclase

quartz

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17
Q

What common mineral in ocean crust is green in color?

A

olivine

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18
Q

Mountains like the Andes in South America are formed in this tectonic environment?

A

subduction zone

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19
Q

The spice we call salt is actually a mineral called…….

A

halite

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20
Q

The most common type of igneous rock that creates the ocean floor is…..

A

basalt

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21
Q

One of these words describes a layer inside Earth which is based on the way the layer behaves.

A

asthenosphere

22
Q

The magnetic field around Earth is generated by……

A

fluid convection of the molten outer core

23
Q

The youngest ocean crust on Earth is found near_____________

A

ocean ridges

24
Q

What kind of volcano would under go the most violent type of eruption during it’s formation?

A

Caldera

25
Q

Which of the following would be likely characteristics of a large subduction zone quake?

A

a tsunami
long fault rupture
long duration shaking

26
Q

What type of volcanic eruption would be the most violent and send a plume vertically to the stratosphere?

A

Plinian

27
Q

Which of the following minerals would NOT contain iron?

A

quartz

28
Q

What is NOT true about rocks that contain iron and magnesium?

A

they are light in color

29
Q

The extensive system of ocean ridges that wrap around the world are place where_______ is occurring?

A

basalt volcanism
sea floor spreading
normal faults and extension
rifting

30
Q

What is NOT true about magnetic anomalies on the ocean floor?

A

they are oriented perpendicular to the ocean ridge and rift valley

31
Q

A divergent plate boundary where rifting is occurring would be formed over areas with….

A

rising mantle beneath

32
Q

The major growth of the continental crust occurred…..

A

Between 3 and 2 billion years ago, likely with the initiation of early plate tectonics

33
Q

What determines the texture of an igneous rock

A

size of crystals
rate of cooling
depth of crystallization

34
Q

Which of the following is not a physical property of minerals?

A

elasticity

35
Q

What relates to the solar nebulae that was the precursor to our solar system?

A

clouds of hydrogen gas
element and mineral dust
formation by super nova

36
Q

The great majority of our Earth science knowledge comes from……

A

other sciences like biology and chemistry

37
Q

Where on Earth would the magnetic inclination be perpendicular in reference to the planet surface.

A

north pole

38
Q

What would you name a volcanic igneous rock that contained mostly Potassium Feldpar and Quartz?

A

Rhyolite

39
Q

Which of the following ARE TRUE about magma?

A

magma and lava are essentially the same thing

magma that erupts onto the ocean floor is generally a very fluid type of lava

40
Q

What common silicate rock is often seen as a light pink crystal?

A

orthoclase

41
Q

Which of the following relate to the formation of the Hawaiian Island volcanic island chain?

A

a moving plate

a volcanic hot spot

42
Q

All of the large global tectonic plates (except the Pacific) contain

A

continental and ocean crust

43
Q

Choose the two minerals that are common IN continental crust and NOT IN ocean crust?

A

quartz

orthoclase

44
Q

What features on the edges on continents is formed by ice age fluctuations of sea level as much as 400 feet?

A

continental shelves

45
Q

The oldest rocks on earth are found….

A

embedded into the cores of the continental crust

46
Q

What is good description of a pyroclastic flow?

A

high pressure magma explodes out of the volcano producing a wave of dense hot ash, gas and fragments that slide down the volcano’s flanks

47
Q

What gas in the atmosphere is created by plants undergoing photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

48
Q

Why is the ocean floor so much younger than the geologically ancient continents?

A

the ocean floor keeps regenerating itself along ocean rifts

49
Q

When applying the 3V’s, magma that contains a high percentage of, would erupt violently if it also had a high viscosity?

A

volatiles

50
Q

What kind of igneous rocks would form at a relatively low temperature?

A

felsic

Geology (1 decks)

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