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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward the head end or upper part of the structure or the body above,
Exp;the head is superior to the abdomen

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2
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure of the body; below. Example the feet are inferior to the head

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of. For example the sternum is anterior to the spine

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back, behind. Example The heart is posterior to the sternum

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5
Q

Medial

A

Towards or at the midline of the body; enter side. Example spine is medial to the kidney

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline; outer side. Example The arms are lateral to the chest

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Close to the trunk, closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. Example of the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

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8
Q

Distal

A

Away from the trunk, further from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. Example of the knee is distal to the thigh

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9
Q

Superficial, external

A

Toward or at the body surface. Example the skin is superficial to the muscles

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10
Q

Deep

A

Under the surface; More internal. For example the Lungs are deep to the skin

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11
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.

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12
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of the body, how the Body works and carries out their life sustaining activities

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13
Q

Chemical

A

Atoms form molecules

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14
Q

Cellular

A

Cells are made up of molecules

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15
Q

Tissues

A

Group of cells that work together

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16
Q

Organ

A

Organs that are made up of one or more different types of tissues, group of tissues

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17
Q

System

A

Organs that work together multiple organs

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18
Q

Organism

A

All organ systems

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19
Q

Axial

A

Includes the head, neck, and trunk.

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20
Q

Appendicular

A

All limbs; arms, hands, legs, feet

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21
Q

Sagittal

A

Divides the body into left and right parts

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22
Q

Transverse

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts, top/bottom from waist

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23
Q

Frontal/coronal

A

Divide body into anterior and posterior, Front/back.

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24
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Protects the fragile nervous system organs, has two subdivisions which are the cranial cavity and the vertebrae/spinal cavity

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25
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Contains the Thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

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26
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Contains brain. In case his brain, CNS

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27
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Contain spinal cord. Case of spinal cord and spinal column

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28
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains heart and Lungs. Bounded by the ribs and the diaphragm Lungs, heart, ribs, thyroid, thymus, blood vessels, esophagus.

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29
Q

Reference man

A

22, 155lb

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30
Q

Reference woman

A

22, 125lb

31
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains digestive viscera. Bounded by the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles. Intestines, G.I. tract, liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, kidney

32
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum. Surrounded by the pelvic bones, bladder, rectum, ovaries, uterus, genital area.

33
Q

Visceral

A

Housed by the ventral body. Lining the organ itself

34
Q

Thoracic cavity sub divisions

A

The superior subdivision of the thoracic area surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest. The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into lateral pleural cavities each enveloping a lung, and the medial mediastinum. The Mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity, which encloses the heart, and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs.

35
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal pelvic cavity. It is a dome shaped muscle important in breathing

36
Q

Peritoneal

A

Space between two layers in between the viseral and parietal. the space with serous fluid. Also lines the abdominal pelvic cavity

37
Q

Parietal

A

Lining the walls of cavity. Outer cavity. Lines the pericardial cavity and folds back

38
Q

Visceral

A

Lining of the Organ itself. Covers heart

39
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in the external environment. It’s all the modifications made to maintain internal balance in your body.

40
Q

Positive feedback

A

A response in the same direction like birth in oxytocin.

41
Q

Negative feedback

A

Response in opposite direction. Temp regulation

42
Q

Feedback loop

A

Stimulus produces changing variable, receptor detects a change, and input information set along afferent pathway to control center, control center uses set points and apparition response, Output; information sent along Efferent pathway to effector, response of effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and return variable back to homeostatic level.

43
Q

Receptor

A

Monitors environment, measures changes, respond to stimuli, senses change. Thermo meter

44
Q

Integrator

A

Determines set points at which a variable is maintained, receives input from receptor, determine appropriate response.

45
Q

Effector

A

Receives output from control center, restores homeostasis

46
Q

Brachium or arm

A

brachial

47
Q

Thumb

A

Pollex

48
Q

Great toe

A

Hallux

49
Q

Lumbus or join

A

Lumbar

50
Q

Popilteus or back of knee

A

Popliteal

51
Q

Calcaneus or heel of foot

A

Calacaneal

52
Q

Head

A

Cephalon

53
Q

Skull

A

Cranium

54
Q

Frons

A

Front of skull

55
Q

Face

A

Facies

56
Q

Eye

A

Oculus

57
Q

Cheek

A

Bucca

58
Q

Chin

A

Mentis

59
Q

Mouth

A

Oris

60
Q

Nose

A

Nasus

61
Q

Ear

A

Auris

62
Q

Neck

A

Cervicis

63
Q

Shoulder

A

Acromial

64
Q

Arm/ brachium

A

Brachial

65
Q

Chest

A

Thoracic

66
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Surrounds the heart

67
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Surrounds lungs

68
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Surrounds certain abdominal and pelvic organs

69
Q

Integumentary

A

Skin, Hair, Nails, glands. External body covering, protects, sweat, oil, receptors vitamin D and insulation

70
Q

Skeletal

A

Bones, joints. Protects and supports body organs. Stores minerals makes blood , adds mobility

71
Q

Muscular

A

Skeletal muscles, cardiac. Produces heat, posture, allows manipulation, locomotion, facial expressions.

72
Q

Nervous

A

CNS, PNS, ANS. Transmit impulses, stimuli

73
Q

Endocrine

A

Produces hormones. Maintains homeostasis

Anatomy And Physiology (4 decks)

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