Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Decade of the Brain
A
- 1990s
- intensive research into the role of biology in behavioral problems
- new treatments (depression, addiction, age-related memory impairment)
-
genetic advances
- understanding of genes involved in schizophrenia
- map of all human genes
2
Q
Neuroscience
A
multidisciplinary study of nervous system and its role in behavior
3
Q
Behavioral neuroscience
A
- branch of psychology
- studies relationship between behavior and body
4
Q
Wilhelm Wundt
A
Established first psychology lab in 1879
5
Q
Materialistic monism
A
- belief that the mind is not a real thing, but just used to explain awareness of experience
- assumes everything is physical
- most modern neuroscientists believe this
6
Q
Dualism
A
position that the mind is nonmaterial and separate from the physical brain
7
Q
two ancient Greek philosophers who were monists
A
- Democritus
- Aristotle
8
Q
ancient Greek philosopher who was a dualist
A
Plato
9
Q
Hydraulic model of behavior
A
- developed by 17th-century French philosopher Rene Descartes
- attempt to explain the physical basis of behavior
- when the mind put the body in action, the pineal gland pumped animal spirits through the nerves (thought to be hollow) to the muscles => movement
10
Q
Empiricism
A
use of methods of observation and experimentation
11
Q
seat of the soul
A
pineal gland (hydraulic model of behavior)
12
Q
Helmholtz
A
- German physiologist that performed experiments to show that nerve conduction was not as fast as electricity
13
Q
localism
A
specific parts of the brain have specific functions
14
Q
theory of phrenology
A
- several emotional and intellectual faculties were located in specific areas of the brain based on bumps of the skull
- Gall
15
Q
theory of equipotentiality
A
- Lashley
- brain functions are evenly distributed
