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Unit 1 Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hazard

A

Hazard is anything that which could cause harm but finding the hazard isn’t enough. the risk has to be assessed.

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2
Q

Risk

A

Risk is a measure of how likely the hazard is to cause harm

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3
Q

When is it necessary to carry out a risk assessment

A

if an activity involves the use of hazardous substances and or procedures that carry a risk

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4
Q

Methods of control

A

ESIAP

Eliminate 
Substitute 
Isolate
Administrate 
PPE
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5
Q

Eliminate

A

To remove the hazardous if possible

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6
Q

Substitute

A

Alternatives for a hazardous substance

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7
Q

Isolate

A

Fume cupboard

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8
Q

Administrate

A

Standard Operating Procedures that are designed to reduce risk (SOP’s)

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9
Q

Biological Control includes

A

using a more suitable strain of microorganism e.g. less virulent

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10
Q

What is a solution

A

solute dissolved in a solvent

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11
Q

Colorimeters

A

are devices that can be used to quantify concentrations

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12
Q

Colorimeter quantifying

A

The concentration of a pigmented compound can be quantified

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13
Q

what does a colorimeter measure

A

A colorimeter measures the absorbance of specific wavelengths of light by a solution

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14
Q

Determining the concentration of an unknown solution

A

a standard curve can be used. A series of standards, known concentrations are measured and graphed. This graph can be used to determine the concentration of unknown samples.

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15
Q

pH is a logarithmic measure of

A

Hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

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16
Q

Formula for pH

A

-log[H+]

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17
Q

The pH of a solution can be measured using

A
  1. Electronic Meter - Quantitative

2. Indicator - Qualitative

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18
Q

Indicators Advantages and Disadvantages

A

A
- Good for field trips, or measuring small volumes

D
- Less Precise
Each indicator is good for a certain range, hard to distinguish an exact value

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19
Q

Electronic Meters Advantages and Disadvantages

A

A
- Accurate and uses data logging on a computer

D
- Need frequent calibration

20
Q

If a solution comes in contact with air

A

it absorbs CO2 and becomes acidic

21
Q

If a solution is stored in a glass bottle

A

alkaline impurities dissolve from the glass and become alkaline

22
Q

Buffer

A

A solution whose pH is no altered to any great extent by the addition of small quantities of H+ ions or OH- Ions.

A solution that resists change in pH

A solution which remains at a constant pH phase upon addition of small amounts of acidic/alkali

23
Q

Substances can be separated using their physical properties SSSC

A

Solubility
Size
Shape
Charge

24
Q

Techniques for Separation

A
  1. Centrifigation
  2. Protein Electrophoresis
  3. Iso-Electric Point
  4. Paper, TLC and Affinity Chromatography
25
Q

Centrifigation seperates on

A

solubility, and density

26
Q

Pellet

A

The largest and densest material separate out first and from a pellet at the bottom of the tube.

27
Q

Supernant

A

The liquid which remains above the pellet is called the supernant

28
Q

What is homogenized

A

To mechanically break apart tissue which encourages cells to lyse

29
Q

Why should procedures be carried out at ice-cold temperatures

A

To prevent possibility of enzyme damage

30
Q

Paper chromatography separates mixtures such as

A

dyes in an ink

31
Q

Paper, Mixture separated

A

is the Stationary Phase and is dotted at the bottom of the chromatography paper

32
Q

Paper, Liquid solvent

A

is run through the dots and is the mobile phase

33
Q

Paper, As the solvent moves up the paper,

A

the most soluble substances move the furthest and least soluble move the least

34
Q

Paper, The mixture has been seperated by the

A

solubility of its different components

35
Q

Paper, The end result is called a

A

chromatogram

36
Q

TLC stationary phase

A

a thin layer of nonreactive substance such as silica on a glass/plastic plate

37
Q

TLC Advantages over Paper

A
  1. The mobile phase moves quicker through the stationary phase 8 - 15 mins
  2. The mobile phase moves more evenly, moves as a dot
  3. There is a range of absorbancies for the stationary point
38
Q

TLC is used more than paper, why

A

As it is easier to analyse

39
Q

Affinity Chromatography depends on

A

specificity

40
Q

This separates biochemical mixtures based on

A

highly specific interactions

41
Q

Affinity Chromatography is used to produce a

A

purified substance from a mixture

42
Q

Affinity, The stationary phase is chosen to bind specifically with the substance required (3) EXAM

A
  1. By charge between receptor and ligand
  2. Chemical association between enzyme and substrate
  3. Antibody binding between antigen and antibody
43
Q

Affinity, mixture passes over stationary phase

A

and substance is trapped while the rest is discarded

44
Q

Elution

A

Required substance is removed from stationary phase

45
Q

Antibody/substrate/ligand

A

Antibody/substrate/ligand are the stationary phase and are placed on a solid matrix e.g. glass

46
Q

The mixture containing the target molecule

A

The mixture containing the target molecule ( antigen , receptor, antigen) are called the mobile phase and run through the solid matrix

47
Q

Antibody/Substrate/Ligand BIND

A

with their specific antigen/enzyme/receptor while the rest of the mixture is discarded.
This isolates the target molecule from the rest of the mixture and can be removed by changing charge

Unit 1 Biology (7 decks)

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