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Human Biology > Chapter 1 : Defintions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : Defintions Flashcards

1
Q

Acrosome Reaction

A

A reaction that occurs in the sperm, that enables sperm to digest the zona pellucida.

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2
Q

Amnion

A

The membrane sac that protects the fetus.

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3
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

The fluid that is secreted by the amnion.

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4
Q

Blastocyst

A

An early stage in the embryo development consisting of a hollow ball of cells. This is the stage at which the embryo implants into the uterus.

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5
Q

Cap

A

A barrier method of contraception that consists of a latex or silicone cap designed to fit over the cervix.

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6
Q

Capacitation

A

Changes that occur in the sperm while they are in the female reproductive tract to make them capable of fertilising the oocyte.

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7
Q

Chorionic Villi

A

The villi that make up the surface of the placenta.

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8
Q

Colostrum

A

The first-formed breast milk. It’s high in antibodies.

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9
Q

Condom

A

Widely used barrier method of contraception that consists of a thin latex sheath that is placed over the erect penis.

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10
Q

Copulation

A

Sexual intercourse.

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11
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

A hormone producing structure, formed from the ruptured follicle.

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12
Q

Cortical Reaction

A

A reaction that alters the zona pellucida in order to prevent other sperm entering the oocyte.

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13
Q

Counter Current Flow

A

The flow of the mother’s blood and the feral blood in opposite directions, that ensures a concentration gradient all the way along the capillary in the placenta.

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14
Q

Endometrium

A

The lining of the uterus.

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15
Q

Fetus

A

The term for an unborn baby from 10 weeks after fertilisation, when all the main organs have developed.

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16
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

FSH. A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes follicle development.

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17
Q

Gamete

A

A sex cell that contains the haploid number of chromosomes.

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18
Q

Gametogenesis

A

The formation of gametes.

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19
Q

Germinal Epithelium

A

The epithelium that divides to produce gametes, for example, the outer layer of the seminiferous tubule.

20
Q

Gonadotrophin Releasing Factor

A

GnRF. A hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of FSH and LH.

21
Q

Graafian Follicle

A

A ball of cells surrounding an oocyte.

22
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

A

hCG. A hormone secreted by the blastocyst and the developing placenta that forms the basis of pregnancy tests.

23
Q

Interstitial Cells

A

Cells in between the seminiferous tubules that secrete testosterone.

24
Q

Intrauterine Device

A

A non barrier birth control device that is placed inside the uterus. It works by preventing the implantation of an embryo.

25
Q

In Vitro Fertilisation.

A

IVF. A method of assisted conception in which fertilisation takes place in a glass dish.

26
Q

Menarche

A

The time of a female’s first menstrual cycle.

27
Q

Menopause

A

The time when a female permanently stops having menstrual cycles.

28
Q

Menstruation

A

The shedding of the outer layer of the endometrium.

29
Q

Morula

A

An early stage in embryo development consisting of a ball of cells that forms 3-4 days after fertilisation. The morula develops into the blastocyst.

30
Q

Oestrogen

A

The female sex hormone that stimulates the thickening of the endometrium.

31
Q

Oocyte

A

An immature ovum.

32
Q

Ova

A

Female gametes.

33
Q

Ovaries

A

Where ova are produced.

34
Q

Oviduct

A

Tube that carries oocytes to the uterus.

35
Q

Oxytocin

A

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the contraction of the moment ruin and the release of breast milk.

36
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

The endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

37
Q

Polar Bodies

A

Haploid nuclei produced in oogenesis when cells divide unequally.

38
Q

Prolactin

A

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk.

39
Q

Relaxin

A

A hormone secreted late in pregnancy that softens the cervix and makes the pelvis more flexible.

40
Q

Scrotum

A

A sac of skin that contains the testis.

41
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

Long tubules in the testes where sperm are produced.

42
Q

Sperm

A

The male gamete.

43
Q

Testes

A

Where sperm are produced.

44
Q

Testosterone

A

The male sex hormone that promotes the development of male sex characteristics.

45
Q

Trophoblast

A

The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst.

46
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

The cord that connects the fetus to the placenta and carries blood between the fetus and the placenta.

47
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised ovum.

Human Biology (4 decks)

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