Chapter 1 ( Human Nutrition ) Flashcards
What are Nutrients ?
Nutrients are substances required by the body to perform its basic functions
How are nutrients obtained ?
Nutrients are obtained by our diet, the human body does not produce them
What are the 3 basic functions of nutrients ?
- Provide Energy
- Contribute to body structure
- And/or regulate the chemical process in the body
What are the six classes of nutrients for the bodies function and health ?
Carbohydrates, Fiber, Lipids, Proteins, Water, vitamins, minerals
What are carbohydrates ?
Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Ex: milk,grains,fruits, starch and vegetables
Simple carbohydrates or simple sugars
Examples of simple sugars are sucrose and glucose, a type of sugar that circulates in your blood
What are complex carbohydrates?
Are long chains of simple sugars that can be unbranched or branched
Where is glucose transported ?
Glucose is transported to all of our cells where it is stored, used to make energy or use to build macromolecules
What is another complex carbohydrate?
Fiber is a complex carbohydrate but can’t be broken down by digestive enzymes in the intestine. The colon or large intestine bacteria break it down.
Why are carbohydrates essential ?
It gives proper functioning of the nervous system, heart, and kidneys.
What is the name of the storage molecule for carbohydrates?
Glycogen
What are lipids composed of ?
It’s a family of molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but unlike carbohydrates they are insoluble in water
What is the main function of lipids ?
The main job of lipids is to provide or store energy. They also sorrowing and protect organs and provide insulation to aid temperature regulation.
Three main types of lipids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Sterols
What is protein composed of ?
Proteins are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits called amino acids
