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AP World > Chapter 1 (Lessons 1-4) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Lessons 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Byzantine empire exist?

A

330 CE-1453 CE

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2
Q

Why did the Byzantine empire split into the western and eastern sides?

A

Both sides wanted more land

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3
Q

When did the western empire fall?

A

485 CE

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4
Q

What was the capital of the eastern empire?

A

Constantinople

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5
Q

Who reconquered the western half of the Byzantine empire before it fell and made it very prosperous?

A

Justinian and his wife Theodora

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6
Q

Why was the Byzantine empire very successful?

A

They led the world in trade by connecting the Mediterranean to the east by the silk roads

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7
Q

Why did the Byzantine empire fall?

A

Because of the black death, rebellions by civilians against the rules, and because of the invasions by the Arabs and Turks.

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8
Q

Where did the Byzantine empire control land?

A

All around the Mediterranean Sea and in Egypt bordering the red Sea.

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9
Q

When did the Eastern orthodox Church form?

A

1054 CE

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10
Q

Great schism 1054

A

When the Catholic Church split into two different religions, the eastern orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, because of disagreements about how the Church should be ruled.

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11
Q

Who ruled the Roman Catholic Church?

A

The pope

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12
Q

Who ruled the eastern orthodox Church?

A

The patriarch of Constantinople

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13
Q

What was the main church of the eastern orthodox Church?

A

The hagia Sophia

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14
Q

Caesaropapism

A

The Caeser has more power than the pope and can rule over both the nation and the church

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15
Q

Why did the Byzantines create a law that any law made by the governor would only apply to politics rather than religion too?

A

So that one person was not able to gain a significantly greater amount of power than everyone else in the empire.

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16
Q

The code of Justinian

A

The first set of law codes ever created, which also led to common western laws being created.

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17
Q

Why did Rome fall?

A

Because their empire was too spread out

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18
Q

The digest

A

A book published by Justinian that contained many Latin laws.

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19
Q

What was the main religion under the Byzantine empire?

A

Christianity

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20
Q

What was the main religion under the Persian sassind empire?

A

Judiasm

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21
Q

What was the most important center of trade to Arabs?

A

Mecca

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22
Q

Why did Muhammad leave the city of Mecca to go pray in the mountains?

A

Because of the religious corruption and unfair social classes

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23
Q

What was Muhammad’s divine revelation from God?

A

That he was supposed to fulfill the role of communicating God’s word in Arabic.

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24
Q

What is the important text of Islam?

A

The Quran, it contains all of Islam’s primary beliefs.

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25
Q

What was the main goal of Islam?

A

Radical change for the corruption and unfair social classes in Mecca.

26
Q

Ummah

A

A belief based state that ran strictly based on Islam law

27
Q

What were the 5 pillars of Islam?

A 
Shahadah (worship no one but God)
Salah (pray five times a day)
Zakat (give money to charity)
Hajj (taking the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life)
Fasting (fasting during Ramadan)
28
Q

Jihad

A

Enduring the struggle against sin by turning to God

29
Q

Who was drawn to Islam and why did it spread so quickly?

A

The poor, because Islam had a large emphasis on the fact that all people should be treated equally and have the same rights.

30
Q

Why did all of Arabia become United under Muhammad?

A

Because Islam spread very quickly and because of Muhammad’s military success.

31
Q

Who conquered many nation’s to make themselves more powerful?

A

The Arabs

32
Q

Why did the arabs conquer so much land?

A

To expand Islamic rule under the ummah but also to have access to better trade routes

33
Q

Who helped spread Islam after they converted from their religion?

A

The turks

34
Q

When did Muhammad rule?

A

622-632

35
Q

When did the first four caliphs rule?

A

632-661

36
Q

When did the ummayad caliphate rule?

A

661-750

37
Q

When did the Abbasid caliphate rule?

A

750-1258

38
Q

Caliphate

A

A ruler that could make political and religious laws (mostly Arab)

39
Q

Sultanate

A

A ruler who could make political laws but only enforce religious laws ( mostly non-arabs like Turks)

40
Q

Where was the capital or Arab when Abbasid caliphate ruled?

A

Baghdad

41
Q

Why did the Arab empire fall?

A

They were conquered by the mongols

42
Q

Mamluks

A

Non Arab people who made up the majority or Arabs military and who ruled after the fall of the abassid caliphate, creating their capital in Egypt.

43
Q

What Happened to people of other religions in the Arabian empire?

A

They were allowed to freely practice their religion but they were considered second class citizens and they had to pay a tax, called the jizya, to Muslims.

44
Q

Arabized

A

Nation’s who adopted Arab language and culture and abandoned their own

45
Q

Islamized

A

When a nation kept the practices of their own culture but adopted Islam as their main religion

46
Q

Why did religious conflict occur in the Arab empire after Muhammad died?

A

Because the nation was split about who should be the next ruler: Muhammad’s brother in law or a caliph who was elected by the people.

47
Q

Sunni Muslims

A

People who believes that elected rulers should rule the nation

48
Q

Shia Muslims

A

People who believes that control of the empire should be kept within Muhammad’s family

49
Q

What was the seljurk empire?

A

An empire created by the turks in 1037 which was part Persian, and part Sunni Muslim.

50
Q

What led to the first crusades?

A

The turks winning the battle of manzikert and taking possession of Anatolia from the Byzantines.

51
Q

Why did the seljuk empire fall?

A

They were conquered by the mongols.

52
Q

Emirates

A

Different regions in Anatolia which were ruled by Arab noblemen or military personnel.

53
Q

Delhi sultanate

A

A group of Turkish Invaders who conquered and unified the India subcontinent.

54
Q

Sikhism

A

A belief invented by a man named Guru Nanak which was a combination of Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam.

55
Q

What were the Delhi sultanate known for?

A

Persecuting people of Hinduism and Sikhism, attempting to resist attacks by the mongols and the ongoing conflict between Muslims and Hindus who lived there.

56
Q

How was Islam mainly spread?

A

Through trade

57
Q

How did Islam establish itself in West Africa?

A

By people who traveled across the Saharan desert by camel caravan

58
Q

What did West African leaders gain from Islam?

A

Prestige
Trade benefits
Administrative advice from arabs

59
Q

What was developed by Islamic mathematicians?

A

Algebra and trigonometry

60
Q

House of wisdom

A

A library in Baghdad that preserved Greco-Roman ideas in science and philosophy.

61
Q

What did people of Islam do for modern day medicine?

A

They correctly diagnosed many diseases and then developed new medicines to treat those disease. They also started some of the first hospitals and traveling clinics.

62
Q

What technology was passed along trade routes?

A

Paper and printing techniques

AP World (1 decks)

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