Chapter 1- Micro-organisms & Diseases Flashcards
Define a micro-organism
A small organism which is usually unicellular but can be multicellular
Define unicellular
Consisting of a single cell
Define multicellular
Consisting of many cells
Define Prokaryotic
Have nuclear material but no true nucleus eg. Bacteria
Define Eukaryotic
Their cells have a true nucleus
Define akaryotic
They have no cell with cytoplasm or nucleus eg. Viruses
Define pathogenic microbes
Are harmful and can kill people, animals and plants
Which micro-organism causes cholera. How is it spread?
Vibrio cholera. Through contaminated water and food
Name a food borne illness, how it affects the human body and how it’s transmitted
Salmonella bacteria
It invades the intestinal lining.
Transmitted through contaminated water and food. Can be carried in poultry meats and eggs
What are the three main food poisoning bacteria
Clostridium botulinum, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus
How is clostridium botulinum produced?
It is produced in the absence of oxygen
Name four viral food borne pathogens and explain how they are transmitted
Hepatitis A, hepatitis, E, rotavirus, Norwalk virus.
They are spread through contaminated human carries and food.
Name three ways to avoid spreading diseases
Staying home if you’re sick
Washing your hands
Staying away from people who are sick
Which bacteria produce lactic acid?
Streptococci and lactobacilli
Explain how alcohol is produced
Yeasts (unicellular fungus) present in the environment ferment sugar in honey to ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
Creates honey wine
