Chapter 1 - Mitosis/Meiosis Flashcards
Chromatin
Loose DNA that is wrapped around histones but is not compact into chromosome
Chromatid
One half of the duplicated chromosome
Centromere
Region in the middle of the chromosome that holds two chromatids together.
Telomeres
Ends of chromosomes that DO NOT code for genes, prevent end of chromosomes from attaching to each other to help protect genes
Chromosome
One long continuous thread of DNA that consists numerous genes
Sister chromatids
Together these make up equal parts of a chromosome
Homologous Chromosomes
Two separate chromosomes (one from each parent) very similar to each other BUT NOT COPIES
Haploid cells
Come from the process of meiosis
MEIOSIS IS nuclear division that creates four haploid cells from one diploid cells
Diploid cells
Result from mitosis
Histones
Group of basic proteins found in chromatin
Autosomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Sex chromosomes
Determines the sex
Males: XY
Females: XX
Steps of meiosis
Meiosis 1
- prophase one
- metaphase one
- anaphase one
- telophase one
Meiosis 2
- prophase two
- metaphase two
- anaphase two
- telophase two
Polar bodies
Other cells produced by meiosis becomes polar bodies and don’t undergo meiosis two
Gametogensis
Production of gametes; includes both meiosis and other changes that produce a mature cell. Final stage depends on sex.
